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  • van der Werf, P.P.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)

Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Markarian 231

  • Article/chapterEnglish2010

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • 2010-07-16
  • EDP Sciences,2010
  • electronicrdacarrier

Numbers

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:1901905b-7235-4ca4-ba7a-3bd6b64d9ae4
  • https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014682DOI
  • https://research.chalmers.se/publication/129975URI

Supplementary language notes

  • Language:English
  • Summary in:English

Part of subdatabase

Classification

  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

Notes

  • We present a full high resolution SPIRE FTS spectrum of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk 231. In total 25 lines are detected, including CO J = 5-4 through J = 13-12, 7 rotational lines of H2O, 3 of OH+ and one line each of H2O+, CH+, and HF. We find that the excitation of the CO rotational levels up to J = 8 can be accounted for by UV radiation from star formation. However, the approximately flat luminosity distribution of the CO lines over the rotational ladder above J = 8 requires the presence of a separate source of excitation for the highest CO lines. We explore X-ray heating by the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk 231 as a source of excitation for these lines, and find that it can reproduce the observed luminosities. We also consider a model with dense gas in a strong UV radiation field to produce the highest CO lines, but find that this model strongly overpredicts the hot dust mass in Mrk 231. Our favoured model consists of a star forming disk of radius 560 pc, containing clumps of dense gas exposed to strong UV radiation, dominating the emission of CO lines up to J = 8. X-rays from the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk 231 dominate the excitation and chemistry of the inner disk out to a radius of 160 pc, consistent with the X-ray power of the AGN in Mrk 231. The extraordinary luminosity of the OH+ and H2O+ lines reveals the signature of X-ray driven excitation and chemistry in this region.

Subject headings and genre

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

  • Isaak, K.Cardiff University,European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC) (author)
  • Meijerink, R.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Spaans, M.Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen (author)
  • Rykala, A.Cardiff University (author)
  • Fulton, T. (author)
  • Loenen, A. F.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Walter, F.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Weiss, A.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Armus, L.Spitzer Science Center, United States (author)
  • Fischer, J.Naval Research Laboratory (author)
  • Israel, F. P.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Harris, A. I.University of Maryland (author)
  • Veilleux, S.University of Maryland (author)
  • Henkel, C.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Savini, G.University College London (UCL) (author)
  • Lord, S.California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (author)
  • Smith, H. A.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
  • Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.Universidad de Alcala,University of Alcalá (author)
  • Naylor, D. A.University of Lethbridge (author)
  • Aalto, Susanne,1964Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)saalto (author)
  • Charmandaris, V.Panepistimio Kritis,University of Crete (author)
  • Dasyra, K. M.Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA),The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) (author)
  • Evans, A.University of Virginia,National Radio Astronomy Observatory (author)
  • Gao, Y.Chinese Academy of Sciences (author)
  • Greve, T. R.Niels Bohr Institute,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Güsten, R.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Kramer, C.Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) (author)
  • Martin-Pintado, J.CSIC - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM) (author)
  • Mazzarella, J.California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (author)
  • Papadopoulos, P. P. (author)
  • Sanders, D. B.University of Hawaii (author)
  • Spinoglio, L.Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche (author)
  • Stacey, G.Cornell University (author)
  • Vlahakis, C.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Wiedner, M. C.LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres, France (author)
  • Xilouris, E. M.National Observatory of Athens (author)
  • Universiteit Leiden (UL)Cardiff University (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

  • In:Astronomy and Astrophysics: EDP Sciences518:Article Number: L420004-63611432-0746

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