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  • Falstad, Niklas,1987Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology (author)

CON-quest: Searching for the most obscured galaxy nuclei

  • Article/chapterEnglish2021

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • 2021-05-21
  • EDP Sciences,2021

Numbers

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:2111fd10-b4d3-489e-beec-1b5ba08277b1
  • https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039291DOI
  • https://research.chalmers.se/publication/524459URI

Supplementary language notes

  • Language:English
  • Summary in:English

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  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

Notes

  • Context. Some luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) host extremely compact (r < 100 pc) and dusty nuclei. The high extinction associated with large column densities of gas and dust toward these objects render them hard to detect at many wavelengths. The intense infrared radiation arising from warm dust in these sources can provide a significant fraction of the bolometric luminosity of the galaxy and is prone to excite vibrational levels of molecules such as HCN. This results in emission from the rotational transitions of vibrationally excited HCN (HCN-vib); the brightest emission is found in compact obscured nuclei (CONs; ςHCN-vib > 1 L⊙ pc-2 in the J = 3-2 transition). However, there have been no systematic searches for CONs, and it is unknown how common they are. Aims. We aim to establish how common CONs are in the local Universe (z < 0.08), and whether their prevalence depends on the luminosity or other properties of the host galaxy. Methods. We conducted an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array survey of the rotational J = 3-2 transition of HCN-vib in a volume-limited sample of 46 far-infrared luminous galaxies. Results. Compact obscured nuclei are identified in 38-13+18% of the ULIRGs, 21-6+12% of the LIRGs, and 0-0+9% of the lower luminosity galaxies. We find no dependence on the inclination of the host galaxy, but strong evidence of lower IRAS 25 μm to 60 μm flux density ratios (f25/f60) in CONs (with the exception of one galaxy, NGC 4418) compared to the rest of the sample. Furthermore, we find that CONs have stronger silicate features (s9.7 μm), but similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon equivalent widths (EQW6.2 μm) compared to other galaxies. Along with signatures of molecular inflows seen in the far-infrared in most CONs, submillimeter observations also reveal compact, often collimated, outflows. Conclusions. In the local Universe, CONs are primarily found in (U)LIRGs, in which they are remarkably common. As such systems are often highly disturbed, inclinations are difficult to estimate, and high-resolution continuum observations of the individual nuclei are required to determine if the CON phenomenon is related to the inclinations of the nuclear disks. Further studies of the in- A nd outflow properties of CONs should also be conducted to investigate how these are connected to each other and to the CON phenomenon. The lower f25/f60 ratios in CONs as well as the results for the mid-infrared diagnostics investigated (EQW6.2 μm and s9.7 μm) are consistent with the notion that large dust columns gradually shift the radiation from the hot nucleus to longer wavelengths, making the mid- A nd far-infrared "photospheres"significantly cooler than the interior regions. Finally, to assess the importance of CONs in the context of galaxy evolution, it is necessary to extend this study to higher redshifts where (U)LIRGs are more common.

Subject headings and genre

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

  • Aalto, Susanne,1964Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)saalto (author)
  • König, Sabine,1983Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)ksabine (author)
  • Onishi, Kyoko,1989Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)kyokoo (author)
  • Muller, Sebastien,1976Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)mullers (author)
  • Gorski, Mark,1989Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)markgo (author)
  • Sato, Mamiko,1982Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)mamiko (author)
  • Stanley, Flora,1990Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)floras (author)
  • Combes, F.Observatoire de Paris,Paris Observatory (author)
  • Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.Universidad de Alcala,University of Alcalá (author)
  • Mangum, J. G.National Radio Astronomy Observatory (author)
  • Evans, A. S.University of Virginia,National Radio Astronomy Observatory (author)
  • Barcos-Munoz, LoretoNational Radio Astronomy Observatory (author)
  • Privon, G.National Radio Astronomy Observatory (author)
  • Linden, S. T.University of Virginia (author)
  • Diaz-Santos, T.Idryma Technologias kai Erevnas (FORTH),Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH),Chinese Academy of Sciences,Universidad Diego Portales,Diego Portales University (author)
  • Martín, S.Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA),European Southern Observatory Santiago (author)
  • Sakamoto, K.Academia Sinica Taiwan (author)
  • Harada, N.National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,Academia Sinica Taiwan (author)
  • Fuller, G. A.University of Manchester,Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA) (author)
  • Gallagher, J. S.University of Wisconsin Madison (author)
  • van der Werf, P.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Viti, SerenaUniversity College London (UCL),Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Greve, T. R.University College London (UCL),Danmarks Tekniske Universitet,Technical University of Denmark (author)
  • Burillo, S. G.Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN),Spanish National Observatory (OAN) (author)
  • Henkel, C.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG),King Abdulaziz University (author)
  • Imanishi, M.National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (author)
  • Izumi, T.National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (author)
  • Nishimura, Y.University of Tokyo, Japan,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (author)
  • Ricci, C.Beijing University of Technology,George Mason University,Universidad Diego Portales,Diego Portales University (author)
  • Muhle, S.Universität Bonn,University of Bonn (author)
  • Chalmers tekniska högskolaObservatoire de Paris (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

  • In:Astronomy and Astrophysics: EDP Sciences6490004-63611432-0746

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