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Sub-arcsecond imagi...
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Morabito, L.Durham University
(author)
Sub-arcsecond imaging with the International LOFAR Telescope: I. Foundational calibration strategy and pipeline
- Article/chapterEnglish2022
Publisher, publication year, extent ...
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2022-01-25
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EDP Sciences,2022
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electronicrdacarrier
Numbers
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:340c461c-07f4-4dba-bc83-c2a4b44f8013
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https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140649DOI
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https://research.chalmers.se/publication/528650URI
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https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-202432URI
Supplementary language notes
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Language:English
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Summary in:English
Part of subdatabase
Classification
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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
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Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
Notes
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The International LOFAR Telescope is an interferometer with stations spread across Europe. With baselines of up to ∼2000 km, LOFAR has the unique capability of achieving sub-arcsecond resolution at frequencies below 200 MHz. However, it is technically and logistically challenging to process LOFAR data at this resolution. To date only a handful of publications have exploited this capability. Here we present a calibration strategy that builds on previous high-resolution work with LOFAR. It is implemented in a pipeline using mostly dedicated LOFAR software tools and the same processing framework as the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). We give an overview of the calibration strategy and discuss the special challenges inherent to enacting high-resolution imaging with LOFAR, and describe the pipeline, which is publicly available, in detail. We demonstrate the calibration strategy by using the pipeline on P205+55, a typical LoTSS pointing with an 8 h observation and 13 international stations. We perform in-field delay calibration, solution referencing to other calibrators in the field, self-calibration of these calibrators, and imaging of example directions of interest in the field. We find that for this specific field and these ionospheric conditions, dispersive delay solutions can be transferred between calibrators up to ∼1.5° away, while phase solution transferral works well over ∼1°. We also demonstrate a check of the astrometry and flux density scale with the in-field delay calibrator source. Imaging in 17 directions, we find the restoring beam is typically ∼0.3″ ×0.2″ although this varies slightly over the entire 5 deg2 field of view. We find we can achieve ∼80-300 μJy bm-1 image rms noise, which is dependent on the distance from the phase centre; typical values are ∼90 μJy bm-1 for the 8 h observation with 48 MHz of bandwidth. Seventy percent of processed sources are detected, and from this we estimate that we should be able to image roughly 900 sources per LoTSS pointing. This equates to ∼ 3 million sources in the northern sky, which LoTSS will entirely cover in the next several years. Future optimisation of the calibration strategy for efficient post-processing of LoTSS at high resolution makes this estimate a lower limit.
Subject headings and genre
Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)
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Jackson, N. J.University of Manchester
(author)
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Mooney, S.Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
(author)
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Sweijen, F.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
(author)
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Badole, S.University of Manchester
(author)
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Kukreti, P.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
(author)
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Venkattu, DeepikaStockholms universitet,Institutionen för astronomi,Alba Nova Universitetscentrum,AlbaNova University Center. Stockholm Center for Physics, Astronomy and Biotechnology(Swepub:su)deve3138
(author)
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Groeneveld, C.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
(author)
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Kappes, A.Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg,University of Würzburg
(author)
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Bonnassieux, E.Universita di Bologna,University of Bologna
(author)
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Drabent, A.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
(author)
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Iacobelli, M.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Croston, J. H.Open University
(author)
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Best, P. N.University of Edinburgh
(author)
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Bondi, M.Istituto di Radioastronomia
(author)
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Callingham, J. R.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
(author)
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Conway, John,1963Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)jconway
(author)
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Deller, A.Swinburne University of Technology,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY),Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
(author)
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Hardcastle, M. J.University of Hertfordshire,Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen,Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
(author)
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McKean, J.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen,Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ),German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ),Technische Universität Berlin,Technische Universiteit Eindhoven,Eindhoven University of Technology,Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay,Universite d'Orleans,University of Orléans
(author)
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Miley, G. K.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg,University of Würzburg
(author)
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Moldon, J.Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
(author)
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Röttgering, H. J.A.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),Shell Technology Center,Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Tasse, C.Observatoire de Paris-Meudon,Rhodes University
(author)
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Shimwell, T. W.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
(author)
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van Weeren, R.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
(author)
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Anderson, J. M.Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ),German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ),Technische Universität Berlin
(author)
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Asgekar, A.Shell Technology Center,Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Universita di Bologna,University of Bologna,Istituto di Radioastronomia,Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg,Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB),Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB),Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University,University of Manchester,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),George Washington University,University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,Universiteit Van Amsterdam,University of Amsterdam
(author)
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Avruch, I.M.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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van Bemmel, I.Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
(author)
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Bentum, M. J.Technische Universiteit Eindhoven,Eindhoven University of Technology,Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Bonafede, A.Universita di Bologna,University of Bologna,Istituto di Radioastronomia,Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg
(author)
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Brouw, W. N.Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
(author)
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Butcher, H. R.Australian National University,Polish Academy of Sciences
(author)
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Ciardi, B.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
(author)
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Corstanje, A.Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB),Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB),Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
(author)
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Coolen, A. H.W.M.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
(author)
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Damstra, SiedsNetherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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De Gasperin, F.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg,Istituto di Radioastronomia
(author)
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Duscha, S.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Universität Bielefeld,Bielefeld University
(author)
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Eisloffel, J.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg,Ruhr-Universität Bochum
(author)
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Engels, D.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg
(author)
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Falcke, H.D.Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
(author)
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Garrett, M. A.University of Manchester,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),Leibniz-Institut Für Astrophysik Potsdam,Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
(author)
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Grießmeier, J.M.Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay,Universite d'Orleans,University of Orléans
(author)
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Gunst, A.W.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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van Haarlem, M. P.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON),Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen,Université de Lyon
(author)
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Hoeft, M.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
(author)
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van der Horst, A. J.George Washington University
(author)
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Jutte, E.Ruhr-Universität Bochum
(author)
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Kadler, M.Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg,University of Würzburg
(author)
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Koopmans, L.V.E.Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
(author)
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Krankowski, A.University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
(author)
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Mann, G.Leibniz-Institut Für Astrophysik Potsdam,Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
(author)
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Nelles, A.Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY),Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
(author)
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Oonk, J. B. R.Surfsara Bv
(author)
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Orrú, E.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Paas, H.Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
(author)
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Pandey, V. N.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Pizzo, R.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Pandey-Pommier, M.Université de Lyon,LESIA - Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique,Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay
(author)
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Reich, W.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
(author)
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Rothkaehl, HannaPolish Academy of Sciences
(author)
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Ruiter, MarkNetherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Schwarz, D. J.Universität Bielefeld,Bielefeld University
(author)
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Shulevski, A.Universiteit Van Amsterdam,University of Amsterdam,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
(author)
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Soida, M.Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
(author)
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Tagger, M.Universite d'Orleans,University of Orléans
(author)
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Vocks, C.Leibniz-Institut Für Astrophysik Potsdam,Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
(author)
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Wijers, RamjUniversiteit Van Amsterdam,University of Amsterdam
(author)
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Wijnholds, S. J.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Wucknitz, O.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
(author)
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Zarka, P.M.LESIA - Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique,Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay
(author)
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Zucca, P.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
(author)
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Durham UniversityUniversity of Manchester
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In:Astronomy and Astrophysics: EDP Sciences6580004-63611432-0746
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Morabito, L.
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Jackson, N. J.
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Mooney, S.
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Sweijen, F.
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Badole, S.
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Kukreti, P.
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Venkattu, Deepik ...
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Groeneveld, C.
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Kappes, A.
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Bonnassieux, E.
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Drabent, A.
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Iacobelli, M.
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Croston, J. H.
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Best, P. N.
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Bondi, M.
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Callingham, J. R ...
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Conway, John, 19 ...
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Deller, A.
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Hardcastle, M. J ...
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McKean, J.
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Miley, G. K.
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Moldon, J.
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Röttgering, H. J ...
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Tasse, C.
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Shimwell, T. W.
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van Weeren, R.
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Anderson, J. M.
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Asgekar, A.
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Avruch, I.M.
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van Bemmel, I.
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Bentum, M. J.
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Bonafede, A.
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Brouw, W. N.
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Butcher, H. R.
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Ciardi, B.
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Corstanje, A.
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Coolen, A. H.W.M ...
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Damstra, Sieds
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De Gasperin, F.
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Duscha, S.
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Eisloffel, J.
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Engels, D.
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Falcke, H.D.
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Garrett, M. A.
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Grießmeier, J.M.
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Gunst, A.W.
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van Haarlem, M. ...
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Hoeft, M.
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van der Horst, A ...
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Jutte, E.
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Kadler, M.
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Koopmans, L.V.E.
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Krankowski, A.
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Mann, G.
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Nelles, A.
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Oonk, J. B. R.
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Orrú, E.
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Paas, H.
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Pandey, V. N.
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Pizzo, R.
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Pandey-Pommier, ...
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Reich, W.
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Rothkaehl, Hanna
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Ruiter, Mark
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Schwarz, D. J.
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Shulevski, A.
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Soida, M.
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Tagger, M.
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Vocks, C.
-
Wijers, Ramj
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Wijnholds, S. J.
-
Wucknitz, O.
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Zarka, P.M.
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Zucca, P.
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