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Star Formation Rela...
Star Formation Relations and CO-Spectral Line Energy Distributions Across the J-Ladder and Redshift
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- Greve, T. R. (author)
- University College London (UCL)
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- Leonidaki, I. (author)
- National Observatory of Athens
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- Xilouris, E. M. (author)
- National Observatory of Athens
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- Weiss, A. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Zhang, Z. Y. (author)
- European Southern Observatory (ESO),Royal Observatory
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- van der Werf, P. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Aalto, Susanne, 1964 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Armus, L. (author)
- Spitzer Science Center, United States
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- Diaz-Santos, T. (author)
- Spitzer Science Center, United States
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- Evans, A. S. (author)
- University of Virginia,National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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- Fischer, J. (author)
- Naval Research Laboratory
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- Gao, Y. (author)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. (author)
- Universidad de Alcala,University of Alcalá
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- Harris, A. I. (author)
- University of Maryland
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- Henkel, C. (author)
- King Abdulaziz University,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Meijerink, R. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Naylor, D. A. (author)
- University of Lethbridge
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- Smith, H. (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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- Spaans, M. (author)
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
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- Stacey, G. J. (author)
- Cornell University
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- Veilleux, S. (author)
- University of Maryland
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- Walter, F. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2014-10-06
- 2014
- English.
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 794:2, s. Art. no. 142-
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Abstract
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- We present FIR [50-300 mu m]-CO luminosity relations (i.e., log L-FIR = alpha log L'(CO) + beta) for the full CO rotational ladder from J = 1-0 up to J = 13-12 for a sample of 62 local (z 10(11) L-circle dot) using data from Herschel SPIRE-FTS and ground-based telescopes. We extend our sample to high redshifts (z > 1) by including 35 submillimeter selected dusty star forming galaxies from the literature with robust CO observations, and sufficiently well-sampled FIR/submillimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs), so that accurate FIR luminosities can be determined. The addition of luminous starbursts at high redshifts enlarge the range of the FIR-CO luminosity relations toward the high-IR-luminosity end, while also significantly increasing the small amount of mid-J/high-J CO line data (J = 5-4 and higher) that was available prior to Herschel. This new data set (both in terms of IR luminosity and J-ladder) reveals linear FIR-CO luminosity relations (i.e., a similar or equal to 1) for J = 1-0 up to J = 5-4, with a nearly constant normalization (beta similar to 2). In the simplest physical scenario, this is expected from the (also) linear FIR-(molecular line) relations recently found for the dense gas tracer lines (HCN and CS), as long as the dense gas mass fraction does not vary strongly within our (merger/starburst)-dominated sample. However, from J = 6-5 and up to the J = 13-12 transition, we find an increasingly sublinear slope and higher normalization constant with increasing J. We argue that these are caused by a warm (similar to 100 K) and dense (>10(4) cm(-3)) gas component whose thermal state is unlikely to be maintained by star-formation-powered far-UV radiation fields (and thus is no longer directly tied to the star formation rate). We suggest that mechanical heating (e.g., supernova-driven turbulence and shocks), and not cosmic rays, is the more likely source of energy for this component. The global CO spectral line energy distributions, which remain highly excited from J = 6-5 up to J = 13-12, are found to be a generic feature of the (U)LIRGs in our sample, and further support the presence of this gas component.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- ISM: molecules
- galaxies: formation
- galaxies: evolution
- galaxies: starburst
- galaxies: ISM
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Greve, T. R.
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Leonidaki, I.
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Xilouris, E. M.
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Weiss, A.
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Zhang, Z. Y.
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van der Werf, P.
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show more...
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Aalto, Susanne, ...
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Armus, L.
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Diaz-Santos, T.
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Evans, A. S.
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Fischer, J.
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Gao, Y.
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Gonzalez-Alfonso ...
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Harris, A. I.
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Henkel, C.
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Meijerink, R.
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Naylor, D. A.
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Smith, H.
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Spaans, M.
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Stacey, G. J.
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Veilleux, S.
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Walter, F.
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- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Astronomy Astrop ...
- Articles in the publication
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Astrophysical Jo ...
- By the university
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Chalmers University of Technology