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  • Steffen, A.Environment Canada,Leuphana Universitat Lüneburg,Leuphana University of Lüneburg (författare)

A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow

  • Artikel/kapitelEngelska2008

Förlag, utgivningsår, omfång ...

  • 2008-03-12
  • Copernicus GmbH,2008

Nummerbeteckningar

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:46633b91-c3c7-4d72-bc59-abf54a84ef15
  • https://research.chalmers.se/publication/254165URI
  • https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008DOI

Kompletterande språkuppgifter

  • Språk:engelska
  • Sammanfattning på:engelska

Ingår i deldatabas

Klassifikation

  • Ämneskategori:art swepub-publicationtype
  • Ämneskategori:ref swepub-contenttype

Anmärkningar

  • It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review Hg research taken place in Polar Regions pertaining to AMDEs, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made but the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the role that the snow pack and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg is presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the deposited Hg does not remain in the same form in the snow. Kinetic studies undertaken have demonstrated that bromine is the major oxidant depleting Hg in the atmosphere. Modeling results demonstrate that there is a significant deposition of Hg to Polar Regions as a result of AMDEs. Models have also shown that Hg is readily transported to the Arctic from source regions, at times during springtime when this environment is actively transforming Hg from the atmosphere to the snow and ice surfaces. The presence of significant amounts of methyl Hg in snow in the Arctic surrounding AMDEs is important because this species is the link between the environment and impacts to wildlife and humans. Further, much work on methylation and demethylation processes has occurred but these processes are not yet fully understood. Recent changes in the climate and sea ice cover in Polar Regions are likely to have strong effects on the cycling of Hg in this environment; however more research is needed to understand Hg processes in order to formulate meaningful predictions of these changes.

Ämnesord och genrebeteckningar

Biuppslag (personer, institutioner, konferenser, titlar ...)

  • Douglas, T.U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (författare)
  • Amyot, M. (författare)
  • Ariya, P.McGill University (författare)
  • Aspmo, K.Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) (författare)
  • Berg, T.Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU),Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU),Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (författare)
  • Bottenheim, J.Environment Canada (författare)
  • Brooks, S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (författare)
  • Cobbett, F.University of Guelph (författare)
  • Dastoor, A.Environment Canada (författare)
  • Dommergue, A.Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University (författare)
  • Ebinghaus, R.Leuphana Universitat Lüneburg,Leuphana University of Lüneburg,Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center (författare)
  • Ferrari, C.Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University (författare)
  • Gårdfeldt, Katarina,1959Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)katarina (författare)
  • Goodsite, M. E.Syddansk Universitet,University of Southern Denmark (författare)
  • Lean, D.University of Ottawa (författare)
  • Poulain, A. J. (författare)
  • Scherz, C. (författare)
  • Skov, H. (författare)
  • Sommar, J.Göteborgs universitet,University of Gothenburg (författare)
  • Temme, C.Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center (författare)
  • Environment CanadaLeuphana Universitat Lüneburg (creator_code:org_t)

Sammanhörande titlar

  • Ingår i:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: Copernicus GmbH8:6, s. 1445-14821680-73161680-7324

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