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Gas and dust coolin...
Gas and dust cooling along the major axis of M33 (HerM33es) ISO/LWS C II observations
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- Kramer, C. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Abreu-Vicente, J. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Burillo, S. G. (author)
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN),Spanish National Observatory (OAN)
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- Relano, M. (author)
- Universidad de Granada
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- Aalto, Susanne, 1964 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Boquien, M. (author)
- Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
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- Braine, J. (author)
- Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
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- Buchbender, C. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Gratier, P. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM),Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
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- Israel, F. P. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Nikola, T. (author)
- Cornell University
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- Rollig, M. (author)
- Universität zu Köln,University of Cologne
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- Verley, S. (author)
- Universidad de Granada
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- van der Werf, P. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Xilouris, E. M. (author)
- National Observatory of Athens
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2013-05-17
- 2013
- English.
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 553
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- Aims. We aim to better understand the heating of gas by observing the prominent gas cooling line [C II] at 158 mu m in the low-metallicity environment of the Local Group spiral galaxy M33 on scales of 280 pc. In particular, we describe the variation of the photoelectric heating efficiency with the galactic environment.Methods. In this study, we present [C II] observations along the major axis of M33 using the Infrared Space Observatory in combination with Herschel continuum maps, IRAM 30m CO 2-1, and VLA H I data to study the variation in velocity integrated intensities. The ratio of [C II] emission over the far-infrared continuum is used as a proxy for the heating efficiency, and models of photon-dominated regions are used to study the local physical densities, far-ultraviolet radiation fields, and average column densities of the molecular clouds.Results. The heating efficiency stays constant at 0.8% in the inner 4.5 kpc radius of the galaxy, where it increases to reach values of similar to 3% in the outskirts at about a 6 kpc radial distance. The rise of efficiency is explained in the framework of PDR models by lowered volume densities and FUV fields for optical extinctions of only a few magnitudes at constant metallicity. For the significant fraction of Hi emission stemming from PDRs and for typical pressures found in the Galactic cold neutral medium (CNM) traced by Hi emission, the CNM contributes similar to 15% to the observed [C II] emission in the inner 2 kpc radius of M33. The CNM contribution remains largely undetermined in the south, while positions between radial distances of 2 and 7.3 kpc in the north of M33 show a contribution of similar to 40% +/- 20%.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- photon-dominated region (PDR)
- galaxies: ISM
- ISM: structure evolution
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Kramer, C.
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Abreu-Vicente, J ...
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Burillo, S. G.
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Relano, M.
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Aalto, Susanne, ...
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Boquien, M.
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show more...
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Braine, J.
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Buchbender, C.
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Gratier, P.
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Israel, F. P.
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Nikola, T.
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Rollig, M.
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Verley, S.
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van der Werf, P.
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Xilouris, E. M.
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- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Astronomy Astrop ...
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Astronomy and As ...
- By the university
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Chalmers University of Technology