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Missing water in Cl...
Missing water in Class i protostellar disks
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- Harsono, D. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Persson, Magnus V., 1983 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Ramos, A. (author)
- The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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- Murillo, N. M. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Maud, Luke T. (author)
- European Southern Observatory (ESO),Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Hogerheijde, M. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),Universiteit Van Amsterdam,University of Amsterdam
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- Bosman, A. D. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Kristensen, L. E. (author)
- Niels Bohr Institute
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- Jørgensen, Jes K. (author)
- Niels Bohr Institute
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- Bergin, E. A. (author)
- University of Michigan
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- Visser, R. (author)
- European Southern Observatory (ESO)
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- Mottram, J. C. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- van Dishoeck, E. F. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2020-04-09
- 2020
- English.
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 636
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Abstract
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- Context. Water is a key volatile that provides insight into the initial stages of planet formation. The low water abundances inferred from water observations toward low-mass protostellar objects may point to a rapid locking of water as ice by large dust grains during star and planet formation. However, little is known about the water vapor abundance in newly formed planet-forming disks. Aims. We aim to determine the water abundance in embedded Keplerian disks through spatially-resolved observations of H218O lines to understand the evolution of water during star and planet formation. Methods. We present H218O line observations with ALMA and NOEMA millimeter interferometers toward five young stellar objects. NOEMA observed the 31,3-22,0 line (Eup? kB = 203.7 K) while ALMA targeted the 41,4-32,1 line (Eup? kB = 322.0 K). Water column densities were derived considering optically thin and thermalized emission. Our observations were sensitive to the emission from the known Keplerian disks around three out of the five Class I objects in the sample. Results. No H218O emission is detected toward any of our five Class I disks. We report upper limits to the integrated line intensities. The inferred water column densities in Class I disks are NH218O < 1015 cm-2 on 100 au scales, which include both the disk and envelope. The upper limits imply a disk-averaged water abundance of ? 10-6 with respect to H2 for Class I objects. After taking the physical structure of the disk into account, the upper limit to the water abundance averaged over the inner warm disk with T > 100 K is between ~10-7 and 10-5. Conclusions. Water vapor is not abundant in warm protostellar envelopes around Class I protostars. Upper limits to the water vapor column densities in Class I disks are at least two orders of magnitude lower than values found in Class 0 disk-like structures.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Multidisciplinär geovetenskap (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geosciences, Multidisciplinary (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- ISM: abundances
- Astrochemistry
- Protoplanetary disks
- Stars: protostars
- Stars: formation
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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Harsono, D.
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Persson, Magnus ...
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Ramos, A.
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Murillo, N. M.
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Maud, Luke T.
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Hogerheijde, M.
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show more...
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Bosman, A. D.
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Kristensen, L. E ...
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Jørgensen, Jes K ...
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Bergin, E. A.
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Visser, R.
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Mottram, J. C.
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van Dishoeck, E. ...
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show less...
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Chalmers University of Technology