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Evidence for CO Sho...
Evidence for CO Shock Excitation in NGC 6240 from Herschel SPIRE Spectroscopy
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- Meijerink, R. (author)
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Kristensen, L. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Weiss, A. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- van der Werf, P. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Walter, F. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Spaans, M. (author)
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
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- Loenen, A.F. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Fischer, J. (author)
- Naval Research Laboratory
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- Israel, F. P. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Isaak, K. (author)
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
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- Papadopoulos, P. P. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Aalto, Susanne, 1964 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Armus, L. (author)
- Spitzer Science Center, United States
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- Charmandaris, V. (author)
- Panepistimio Kritis,University of Crete
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- Dasyra, K.M. (author)
- LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres, France
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- Diaz-Santos, T. (author)
- Spitzer Science Center, United States
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- Evans, A. (author)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory,University of Virginia
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- Gao, Yu (author)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. (author)
- Universidad de Alcala,University of Alcalá
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- Güsten, R. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Henkel, C. (author)
- King Abdulaziz University,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Kramer, C. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Lord, S. (author)
- California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
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- Martin-Pintado, J. (author)
- CSIC - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM)
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- Naylor, D. A. (author)
- University of Lethbridge
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- Sanders, D. B. (author)
- University of Hawaii
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- Smith, H. (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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- Spinoglio, L. (author)
- Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
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- Stacey, G. (author)
- Cornell University
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- Veilleux, S. (author)
- University of Maryland
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- Wiedner, M.C. (author)
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2013
- 2013
- English.
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 762:2, s. L16-L20
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Subject headings
Close
- We present Herschel SPIRE FTS spectroscopy of the nearby luminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240. In total 20 linesare detected, including CO J = 4−3 through J = 13−12, 6 H2O rotational lines, and [C i] and [N ii] fine-structurelines. The CO to continuum luminosity ratio is 10 times higher in NGC 6240 than Mrk 231. Although the COladdersof NGC 6240 and Mrk 231 are very similar, UV and/or X-ray irradiation are unlikely to be responsible for theexcitation of the gas in NGC 6240.We applied both C and J shock models to the H2 v = 1–0 S(1) and v = 2–1 S(1)lines and the CO rotational ladder. The CO ladder is best reproduced by amodel with shock velocity vs = 10 km s−1and a pre-shock density nH = 5 × 104 cm−3. We find that the solution best fitting the H2 lines is degenerate. The shock velocities and number densities range between vs = 17–47 km s−1 and nH = 107–5×104 cm−3, respectively.The H2 lines thus need a much more powerful shock than the CO lines.We deduce that most of the gas is currently moderately stirred up by slow (10 km s−1) shocks while only a small fraction (1%) of the interstellar mediumis exposed to the high-velocity shocks. This implies that the gas is rapidly losing its highly turbulent motions. We argue that a high CO line-to-continuum ratio is a key diagnostic for the presence of shocks.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- galaxies: individual (NGC 6240)
- galaxies: active
- galaxies: starburst
- infrared: galaxies
- galaxies: nuclei
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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To the university's database
- By the author/editor
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Meijerink, R.
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Kristensen, L.
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Weiss, A.
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van der Werf, P.
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Walter, F.
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Spaans, M.
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show more...
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Loenen, A.F.
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Fischer, J.
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Israel, F. P.
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Isaak, K.
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Papadopoulos, P. ...
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Aalto, Susanne, ...
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Armus, L.
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Charmandaris, V.
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Dasyra, K.M.
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Diaz-Santos, T.
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Evans, A.
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Gao, Yu
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Gonzalez-Alfonso ...
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Güsten, R.
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Henkel, C.
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Kramer, C.
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Lord, S.
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Martin-Pintado, ...
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Naylor, D. A.
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Sanders, D. B.
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Smith, H.
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Spinoglio, L.
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Stacey, G.
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Veilleux, S.
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Wiedner, M.C.
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- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Astronomy Astrop ...
- Articles in the publication
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Astrophysical Jo ...
- By the university
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Chalmers University of Technology