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Global sea-to-air f...
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide
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- Ziska, F. (författare)
- Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center
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- Quack, B. (författare)
- Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center
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- Abrahamsson, Katarina, 1957 (författare)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Archer, S. D. (författare)
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory,Bigelow Laboratory of Ocean Sciences
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- Atlas, E. (författare)
- University of Miami
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- Bell, T. A. (författare)
- University of California at Irvine (UCI)
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- Butler, J. H. (författare)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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- Carpenter, L. J. (författare)
- University of York
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- Jones, C. E. (författare)
- Kyoto University,University of York
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- Harris, N. R. P. (författare)
- University Of Cambridge
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- Hepach, H. (författare)
- Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center
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- Heumann, K. G. (författare)
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz,Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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Hughes, C. (författare)
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Kuss, J. (författare)
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- Krüger, K. (författare)
- Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center
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Liss, P. (författare)
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- Moore, R. M. (författare)
- Dalhousie University
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Orlikowska, A. (författare)
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- Raimund, S (författare)
- Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center,Adaptation et Diversite en Milieu Marin
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Reeves, C.E. (författare)
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Reifenhäuser, W. (författare)
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- Robinson, A. D. (författare)
- University Of Cambridge
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- Schall, C. (författare)
- Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA
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- Tanhua, T. (författare)
- Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center
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- Tegtmeier, S. (författare)
- Helmholtz Zentrum,Helmholtz Center
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Turner, S. (författare)
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- Wang, L. (författare)
- Rutgers University
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- Wallace, D. (författare)
- Dalhousie University
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- Williams, J. (författare)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Yamamoto, H. (författare)
- National Institute for Environmental Studies,National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan
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- Yvon-Lewis, S. (författare)
- Texas A and M University
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- Yokouchi, Y. (författare)
- National Institute for Environmental Studies,National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2013-09-06
- 2013
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 13:17, s. 8915-8934
- Relaterad länk:
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http://publications.... (primary) (free)
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https://www.atmos-ch...
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https://research.cha...
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https://doi.org/10.5...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marine halogens to the stratosphere has been estimated from observations and modelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived from top-down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, we calculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates of these compounds from surface observations within the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Ocean and Atmosphere) database (https://halocat.geomar.de/). Global maps of marine and atmospheric surface concentrations are derived from the data which are divided into coastal, shelf and open ocean regions. Considering physical and biogeochemical characteristics of ocean and atmosphere, the open ocean water and atmosphere data are classified into 21 regions. The available data are interpolated onto a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid while missing grid values are interpolated with latitudinal and longitudinal dependent regression techniques reflecting the compounds' distributions. With the generated surface concentration climatologies for the ocean and atmosphere, global sea-to-air concentration gradients and sea-to-air fluxes are calculated. Based on these calculations we estimate a total global flux of 1.5/2.5 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CHBr3, 0.78/0.98 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CH2Br2 and 1.24/1.45 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CH3I (robust fit/ordinary least squares regression techniques). Contrary to recent studies, negative fluxes occur in each sea-to-air flux climatology, mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. "Hot spots" for global polybromomethane emissions are located in the equatorial region, whereas methyl iodide emissions are enhanced in the subtropical gyre regions. Inter-annual and seasonal variation is contained within our flux calculations for all three compounds. Compared to earlier studies, our global fluxes are at the lower end of estimates, especially for bromoform. An under-representation of coastal emissions and of extreme events in our estimate might explain the mismatch between our bottom-up emission estimate and top-down approaches.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER
- HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
- PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION
- PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURES
- STRATOSPHERIC BROMINE
- TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER
- GAS-EXCHANGE
- WIND-SPEED
- ATLANTIC-OCEAN
- OZONE DEPLETION
Publikations- och innehållstyp
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Till lärosätets databas
- Av författaren/redakt...
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Ziska, F.
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Quack, B.
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Abrahamsson, Kat ...
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Archer, S. D.
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Atlas, E.
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Bell, T. A.
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visa fler...
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Butler, J. H.
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Carpenter, L. J.
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Jones, C. E.
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Harris, N. R. P.
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Hepach, H.
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Heumann, K. G.
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Hughes, C.
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Kuss, J.
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Krüger, K.
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Liss, P.
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Moore, R. M.
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Orlikowska, A.
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Raimund, S
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Reeves, C.E.
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Reifenhäuser, W.
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Robinson, A. D.
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Schall, C.
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Tanhua, T.
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Tegtmeier, S.
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Turner, S.
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Wang, L.
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Wallace, D.
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Williams, J.
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Yamamoto, H.
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Yvon-Lewis, S.
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Yokouchi, Y.
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