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RED, PEF, and EPD: ...
RED, PEF, and EPD: Conflicting rules for determining the carbon footprint of biofuels give unclear signals to fuel producers and customers
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- Brandao, Miguel (författare)
- KTH,Hållbarhet, utvärdering och styrning,Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH),Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
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- Ekvall, Tomas, 1963 (författare)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Poulikidou, Sofia (författare)
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB,IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
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- Johansson, Kristin (författare)
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB,IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
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- Nilsson, Johan (författare)
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB,IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
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- Nojpanya, Pavinee (författare)
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB,IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
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- Wikström, Anna, 1984 (författare)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Rydberg, Tomas, 1962 (författare)
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB,IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2022-10-12
- 2022
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Climate. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9553. ; 4
- Relaterad länk:
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https://research.cha... (primary) (free)
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https://doi.org/10.3...
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https://doi.org/10.3...
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https://research.cha...
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Biofuel producers and other commodity suppliers are increasingly affected by conflicting rules for life cycle assessment (LCA). They may get multiple requests for LCAs to be used in various contexts, which require the application of different methodological approaches that vary in scope, system boundaries, data demand, and more. This results in increased cost and competence requirements for producers, as well as confusion among other actors including their customers. Differences in methodologies might also lead to various outcomes, conclusions and conflicting guidance regarding which fuels to prioritize or develop. We have analyzed the actual differences when applying three different frameworks: the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED), the EU framework for Product Environmental Footprints (PEF), and the framework of Environmental Product Declarations (EPD), which have different modeling requirements. We analyzed the methods from a conceptual point of view and also applied the methods to estimate the carbon footprint on a wide range of biofuel production pathways: (i) ethanol from corn, (ii) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from rapeseed oil, (iii) biogas from food waste, (iv) hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) from rapeseed oil, and (v) HVO from used cooking oil. Results obtained for a specific fuel could differ substantially depending on the framework applied and the assumptions and interpretations made when applying the different frameworks. Particularly, the results are very sensitive to the modeling of waste management when biofuel is produced from waste. Our results indicate a much higher climate impact for, e.g., biogas and HVO produced from used cooking oil when assessed with the PEF framework compared to the other frameworks. This is because PEF assigns at least part of the production of primary materials and energy to the use of recycled material and recovered energy. Developing Category Rules for biofuels for PEF and EPD ought to help clarifying remaining ambiguities.
Ämnesord
- LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER -- Annan lantbruksvetenskap -- Förnyelsebar bioenergi (hsv//swe)
- AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES -- Other Agricultural Sciences -- Renewable Bioenergy Research (hsv//eng)
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Naturresursteknik -- Annan naturresursteknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Environmental Engineering -- Other Environmental Engineering (hsv//eng)
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Naturresursteknik -- Energisystem (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Environmental Engineering -- Energy Systems (hsv//eng)
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Maskinteknik -- Energiteknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Mechanical Engineering -- Energy Engineering (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- carbon footprint
- biofuels
- life cycle assessment (LCA)
- EPD
- PEF
- RED
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- art (ämneskategori)
- ref (ämneskategori)
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Brandao, Miguel
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Ekvall, Tomas, 1 ...
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Poulikidou, Sofi ...
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Johansson, Krist ...
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Nilsson, Johan
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Nojpanya, Pavine ...
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Wikström, Anna, ...
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Rydberg, Tomas, ...
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- LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER
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LANTBRUKSVETENSK ...
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och Annan lantbruksv ...
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och Förnyelsebar bio ...
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- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER
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TEKNIK OCH TEKNO ...
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och Naturresurstekni ...
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och Annan naturresur ...
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- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER
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TEKNIK OCH TEKNO ...
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och Naturresurstekni ...
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och Energisystem
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- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER
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TEKNIK OCH TEKNO ...
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och Maskinteknik
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och Energiteknik
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Frontiers in Cli ...
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Chalmers tekniska högskola
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Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan