Adverbs: A typological study of a disputed category

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Hallonsten Halling, Pernilla,1984-Stockholms universitet,Institutionen för lingvistik (author)

Adverbs : A typological study of a disputed category

BookEnglish2018

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Stockholm :Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University,2018
288 s.
electronicrdacarrier

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:su-153421
ISBN:9789177971412
ISBN:9789177971429
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-153421URI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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Subject category:vet swepub-contenttype
Subject category:dok swepub-publicationtype

Notes

The notion adverb is often treated as encompassing leftover items in a class that shows little consistency both within and across languages. Adverbs are less frequent than other parts of speech cross-linguistically, they seldom inflect, and they are rarely used as a source for derivation to other categories.This dissertation focuses on adverbs that denote properties and that can be used as modifiers within predicating expressions. The adverbs in this group are roughly equivalent to the traditional manner adverbs (She walked slowly). In their role as modifiers, these adverbs are parallel to attributive adjectives, which also denote properties, and are modifiers in referring expressions (a slow train). Adjectives often also occur in the predicative function (The train is slow). This study compares adverbs to attributive and predicative adjectives in a sample of 60 genealogically diverse languages from around the world. Simple adverbs are attested in the majority of these languages, including in some languages that do not have simple adjectives. The comparison with attributive and predicative adjectives is carried out at three levels of encoding: the root, the lexeme, and the construction. The analysis shows that a great majority of languages have the same root encoding for adverbs, attributive adjectives, and predicative adjectives. Many languages have a class of lexemes that are used in the functions of both adverbs and attributive adjectives, here called general modifiers. On the construction level, where constructions are analyzed in their entirety, important encoding similarities between adverbs and predicative adjectives are unraveled. In a few languages, adverbs and attributive adjectives are encoded by the same or similar constructions.The attested simple adverbs and general modifiers both fall into certain characteristic semantic types. For simple adverbs, a core type is SPEED, which is found among the adverbs of most sample languages. The types VALUE, CARE, and NOISE are also found among the simple adverbs of several languages. For general modifiers, VALUE appears as a core type. These semantic types are further attested in tendencies of adverb lexicalization and in adverbial affixation across languages. This dissertation shows that adverbs constitute a cross-linguistically prototypical part of speech, although they differ in many ways from other categories. The basis for this class, just as for adjectives, is the presence of simple lexemes that tend to have similar semantics in unrelated and geographically distant languages. Adverbs are thus conceptually no less basic than adjectives.

Subject headings and genre

HUMANIORA Språk och litteratur Jämförande språkvetenskap och allmän lingvistik hsv//swe
HUMANITIES Languages and Literature General Language Studies and Linguistics hsv//eng
adverbs
adjectives
parts of speech
prototypes
categorization
modification
constructions
Linguistics
lingvistik

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

Wälchli, Bernhard,ProfessorStockholms universitet,Institutionen för lingvistik (thesis advisor)
Riad, Tomas,ProfessorStockholms universitet,Institutionen för svenska och flerspråkighet (thesis advisor)
Haspelmath, Martin,ProfessorMax Planck Institute for the Science of Human History & Leipzig University, Germany (opponent)
Stockholms universitetInstitutionen för lingvistik (creator_code:org_t)

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