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Dietary insulin as an immunogen and tolerogen
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- Tittanden, M (author)
- Dept of Viral Diseases and Immunology Helsinki, Finland
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- Paronen, Johanna (author)
- Dept of Viral Diseases and Immunology Helsinki, Finland
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- Savilahti, Erkki (author)
- Hospital for Children And Adolescents Helsinki, Finland
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- Wiley, 2006
- 2006
- English.
- In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 17:7, s. 538-543
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- We have shown that exposure to bovine insulin (BI) in cow's milk (CM) formula induces an insulin-specific immune response in infants. Here we studied the role of human insulin (HI) in breast milk as a modulator of the immune response to insulin. In a group of 128 children participating in the TRIGR pilot study, maternal breast milk samples were collected 3-7 days and/or 3 months after delivery. After exclusive breast-feeding, the children received either CM formula or casein hydrolysate during the first 6-8 months of life. Insulin concentration in breast milk and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to BI in plasma samples were measured by EIA. The levels of insulin in breast milk samples were higher in mothers affected by type 1 diabetes than in non-diabetic mothers (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001). The concentration of insulin in breast milk correlated inversely with the plasma levels of IgG antibodies to BI at 6 months of age in children who received CM formula (r = -0.39, p = 0.013), and at 12 months of age in all children (r = -0.25, p = 0.029). The levels of breast milk insulin were higher in the mothers of nine children who developed beta-cell autoimmunity when compared with autoantibody-negative children (p = 0.030), this holds true also when only children of diabetic mothers were included (p = 0.045). BI in CM induces higher levels of IgG to insulin in infants than does HI in breast-fed children. Instead, HI in breast milk seems to be tolerogenic and may downregulate the IgG response to dietary BI. However, our results in infants who developed beta-cell autoimmunity suggest that in this subgroup of children breast milk insulin does not promote tolerance. © 2006 The Authors.
Keyword
- breast milk
- insulin
- insulin antibodies
- type 1 diabetes
- MEDICINE
- MEDICIN
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- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- Tittanden, M
- Paronen, Johanna
- Savilahti, Erkki
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- Linköping University
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