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Spiral grain from an environmental, genetic and economical point of view
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- Eklund, Leif (author)
- Växjö universitet,Institutionen för biovetenskaper och processteknik
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- Säll, Harald (author)
- Växjö universitet,Institutionen för teknik och design,School of Industrial Production Systems
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- Kliger, Robert (author)
- Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden,Department of Structural Engineering
- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2000
- 2000
- English.
- In: The Tree.
- Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Characteristic of wood is that its behavior is strongly orthotropic due to the internal structure of the material and dependent on moisture and temperature. In addition, the material is characterized by a strong variation of the properties in the radial direction. Another important property that affects the behavior of wood is spiral grain, causing the direction of the fibers to deviate from the longitudinal direction of the tree. It is hardly possible to assess spiral grain in the woods, no rejection of severe spiraled trees are done before the log arrives into the sawmill. If a method for on site rejection is available, and the severest spiraled trees, 2-10%, could be avoided in the shipment to the sawmill substantial money could be saved in the forest industry. The causes of spiral grain have been thoroughly discussed through the years and the debate about the environmental and genetic impact on the phenomenon is still not settled. We present evidence for a direct effect of wind on the degree of spiral grain. We also present evidence for a putative thinning effect on spiral grain that is probably connected to wind. Additionally we also present evidence for a strong genetic impact on the formation of spiral grain in conifer trees. In another study mechanical properties such as shape stability has been investigated for the same trees. In some of the logs it may therefore be possible to quantify the relation between spiral grain and distortion in sawn timber.
Subject headings
- LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER -- Lantbruksvetenskap, skogsbruk och fiske -- Skogsvetenskap (hsv//swe)
- AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES -- Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries -- Forest Science (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Cambium
- Crown asymmetry
- Distortion
- Ethylene
- Grain angle
- Growth ring
- Picea abies
- Spiral grain
- Timber
- Tracheid
- Twisting
- Warp
- Wind
- Forestry and Wood Technology
- Skog och träteknik
Publication and Content Type
- vet (subject category)
- kon (subject category)
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- Eklund, Leif
- Säll, Harald
- Kliger, Robert
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- AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
- AGRICULTURAL SCI ...
- and Agriculture Fore ...
- and Forest Science
- Articles in the publication
- The Tree
- By the university
- Linnaeus University
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