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Is generation of C-3(H2O) necessary for activation of the alternative pathway in real life?
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- Nilsson Ekdahl, Kristina (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB),Avancerade material,Uppsala university, Sweden,Linnaeus Ctr Biomat Chem, BMC,Klinisk immunologi,Linnaeus Univ, Linnaeus Ctr Biomat Chem, Kalmar, Sweden
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- Mohlin, Camilla, 1972- (author)
- Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB),Linnaeus Ctr Biomat Chem, BMC,Linnaeus Univ, Linnaeus Ctr Biomat Chem, Kalmar, Sweden
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- Adler, Anna (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Klinisk immunologi,Uppsala university, Sweden
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier, 2019
- 2019
- English.
- In: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 114, s. 353-361
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
Close
- In the alternative pathway (AP) an amplification loop is formed, which is strictly controlled by various fluid-phase and cell-bound regulators resulting in a state of homeostasis. Generation of the "C3b-like" C3(H2O) has been described as essential for AP activation, since it conveniently explains how the initial fluid-phase AP convertase of the amplification loop is generated. Also, the AP has a status of being an unspecific pathway despite thorough regulation at different surfaces. During complement attack in pathological conditions and inflammation, large amounts of C3b are formed by the classical/lectin pathway (CP/LP) convertases. After the discovery of LP's recognition molecules and its tight interaction with the AP, it is increasingly likely that the AP acts in vivo mainly as a powerful amplification mechanism of complement activation that is triggered by previously generated C3b molecules initiated by the binding of specific recognition molecules. Also in many pathological conditions caused by a dysregulated AP amplification loop such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), C3b is available due to minute LP and CP activation and/or generated by non-complement proteases. Therefore, C3(H2O) generation in vivo may be less important for AP activation during specific attack or dysregulated homeostasis, but may be an important ligand for C3 receptors in cell-cell interactions and a source of C3 for the intracellular complement reservoir.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Immunologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Immunology (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Immunology in the medical area (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Complement system
- C-3(H2O)
- Conformation
- Analysis
- Proteases
- Alternative pathway
- Immunologi
- Immunology
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- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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