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O+ Escape During th...
O+ Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4–10 September 2017
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- Schillings, Audrey (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Rymdteknik,Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
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- Nilsson, Hans (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Rymdteknik,Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
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- Slapak, R. (author)
- EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden
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- Wintoft, P. (author)
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Lund, Sweden
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- Yamauchi, M. (author)
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
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- Wik, M. (author)
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Lund, Sweden
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- Dandouras, I. (author)
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, France
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- Carr, C.M. (author)
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Blackwell Publishing, 2018
- 2018
- English.
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In: Space Weather. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1542-7390. ; 16:9, s. 1363-1376
- Related links:
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- We have investigated the consequences of extreme space weather on ion outflow from the polar ionosphere by analyzing the solar storm that occurred early September 2017, causing a severe geomagnetic storm. Several X-flares and coronal mass ejections were observed between 4 and 10 September. The first shock—likely associated with a coronal mass ejection—hit the Earth late on 6 September, produced a storm sudden commencement, and began the initial phase of the storm. It was followed by a second shock, approximately 24 hr later, that initiated the main phase and simultaneously the Dst index dropped to Dst = −142 nT and Kp index reached Kp = 8. Using COmposition DIstribution Function data on board Cluster satellite 4, we estimated the ionospheric O+ outflow before and after the second shock. We found an enhancement in the polar cap by a factor of 3 for an unusually high ionospheric O+ outflow (mapped to an ionospheric reference altitude) of 1013 m−2 s−1. We suggest that this high ionospheric O+ outflow is due to a preheating of the ionosphere by the multiple X-flares. Finally, we briefly discuss the space weather consequences on the magnetosphere as a whole and the enhanced O+ outflow in connection with enhanced satellite drag.
Subject headings
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Maskinteknik -- Rymd- och flygteknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Mechanical Engineering -- Aerospace Engineering (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Atmosfärsvetenskap
- Atmospheric Science
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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