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Uncertainty assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl analysis in stationary source sample emissions in accordance with the impending European standard EN-1948 using fly ashes
- Martinez, K. (author)
- Rivera-Austrui, J. (author)
- Adrados, M. A. (author)
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- Abalos, M. (author)
- Llerena, J. J. (author)
- Rivera, J. (author)
- Abad, E. (author)
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier BV, 2009
- 2009
- English.
- In: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1216:31, s. 5888-5894
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- The analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) present in stack gas emissions and solid residues from incinerators will be mandatory in the foreseeable future. European standard EN-1948 is in the process of being updated through the addition of a new Part 4 related to the analysis of the 12 dl-PCBs. Therefore, either a comprehensive and reliable method capable of analyzing all of these 29 compounds (12 dl-PCBs and 17 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs) needs to be developed, or the existing PCDD/F analytical procedure must be adapted to include the dl-PCBs. This study has taken the latter approach of modifying PCDD/F methodology and in particular the fractionation step, by isolating dioxins and dl-PCBs into separate fractions ready for high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) analysis. Results obtained from the analysis of Certified Reference Materials (CRM-490 and CRM-615) and fly ashes from the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) intercalibration study demonstrated that the proposed methodology is appropriate to determine the dl-PCBs in accordance with the impending European standard EN-1948. Uncertainty values obtained during the validation of the analytical methodology were 13% total I-TEQ (international Toxic Equivalent) for PCDD/Fs and 31% total WHO-TEQ (World Health Organization Toxic Equivalent) in the case of dl-PCBs. In addition, 'real' samples such as emissions and fly ashes were successfully analyzed following the proposed analytical method. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- PCDD/Fs
- dl-PCBs
- EN-1948
- Emissions
- Fly ash
- Uncertainty
- Chemistry
- Kemi
- Chemistry
- Kemi
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- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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