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Stage-specific predator species help each other to persist while competing for a single prey
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- de Roos, André M. (author)
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94084, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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- Schellekens, Tim, 1978- (author)
- Umeå universitet,Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap
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- Van Kooten, Tobias (author)
- Umeå universitet,Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap
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- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO. Box 94084, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap (creator_code:org_t)
- 2008-09-16
- 2008
- English.
- In: Proceedings from the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. - Washington, USA : The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 105:37, s. 13930-13935
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Prey in natural communities are usually shared by many predator species. How predators coexist while competing for the same prey is one of the fundamental questions in ecology. Here we show that competing predator species may not only coexist on a single prey but even help each other to persist, if they specialize on different life history stages of the prey. By changing the prey size distribution a predator species may in fact increase the amount of prey available for its competitor. Surprisingly, a predator may even not be able to persist at all unless its competitor is also present. The competitor thus increases significantly the range of conditions for which a particular predator can persist. This “emergent facilitation” is a long-term, population-level effect that results from asymmetric increases in the rate of prey maturation and reproduction when predation relaxes competition among prey. Emergent facilitation explains observations of correlated increases of predators on small and large conspecific prey as well as concordance in their distribution patterns. Our results suggest that emergent facilitation may promote the occurrence of complex, stable community food webs and that persistence of these communities could critically depend on diversity within predator guilds.
Keyword
- emergent facilitation
- food-dependent prey developmentpredator coexistence
- prey stage
- stage-specific predation
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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