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| Fältnamn | Indikatorer | Metadata |
|---|---|---|
| 000 | 05129nam a2200637 4500 | |
| 001 | oai:DiVA.org:umu-22528 | |
| 003 | SwePub | |
| 008 | 090512s2009 | |||||||||||000 ||eng| | |
| 020 | a 9789172648050q print | |
| 024 | 7 | a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-225282 URI |
| 040 | a (SwePub)umu | |
| 041 | a engb eng | |
| 042 | 9 SwePub | |
| 072 | 7 | a vet2 swepub-contenttype |
| 072 | 7 | a dok2 swepub-publicationtype |
| 100 | 1 | a Rattfelt Nyholm, Jenny,d 1975-u Umeå universitet,Kemiska institutionen4 aut0 (Swepub:umu)jeyrat98 |
| 245 | 1 0 | a Persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity assessment of selected brominated flame retardants |
| 264 | 1 | a Umeå :b Print & Media,c 2009 |
| 300 | a 57 s. | |
| 338 | a electronic2 rdacarrier | |
| 520 | a Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are chemicals used in e.g. electronic equipment, textiles and plastics for the prevention of fire. Over recent decades, concern has been raised regarding some heavily used BFRs, since the levels in the environment have been increasing. In the present thesis, persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties were studied for a structurally varied set of BFRs selected to represent more than 60 organic BFRs. The studied BFRs include: 2,4,4'-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE 28), 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 183), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol A 2-hydroxyethyl ether (TBBPA OHEE), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (246BrPh), 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), and hexabromobenzene (HxBrBz).It is likely that soil will act as a sink for BFRs. Therefore, studies of BFRs were performed on persistence in soil, and on bioaccumulation from soil in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Large variation in the biodegradability in soil among the tested BFRs was observed. The studied brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE 28 and BDE 209) were very persistent under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, while 246BrPh and TBECH degraded quickly in both aerobic and anaerobic soil. The bioaccumulation in earthworm from soil was high for HxBrBz, TBECH and for tested brominated diphenyl ethers with 4-6 bromine atoms (BDE 47, BDE 99, and BDE 153). Bioaccumulation was also studied in zebrafish after dietary exposure to a mixture of BFRs. It was shown that several metabolites were formed and retained in zebrafish, which highlights the importance of also searching for and identifying persistent degradation products. Maternal transfer was shown for all BFRs present in the female zebrafish. This shows that zebrafish young (fry) are exposed to these BFRs at approximately the same concentrations as female zebrafish during the early-life stages, when fish are usually most sensitive to organic contaminants. Toxicity of individual BFRs and a BFR mixture was studied in Nitocra spinipes using a silica gel-based system. Highest toxicities were observed for BDE 28, TBBPA, and TBBPA OHEE. In the mixture toxicity study, simultaneous exposure to low concentrations (individually causing no significant effect) of six BFRs significantly affected the survival of Nitocra spinipes. The results from the PBT studies presented in the thesis and literature data were compared with the criteria for PBT classification, as set in the European REACH legislation. Further, some BFRs with physico-chemical properties similar to those of identified PBTs were suggested to be prioritized for future PBT testing. | |
| 650 | 7 | a NATURVETENSKAPx Geovetenskap och miljövetenskapx Miljövetenskap0 (SwePub)105022 hsv//swe |
| 650 | 7 | a NATURAL SCIENCESx Earth and Related Environmental Sciencesx Environmental Sciences0 (SwePub)105022 hsv//eng |
| 653 | a persistence | |
| 653 | a bioaccumulation | |
| 653 | a toxicity | |
| 653 | a biodegradation | |
| 653 | a biotransformation | |
| 653 | a PBT | |
| 653 | a read across | |
| 653 | a soil | |
| 653 | a earthworm | |
| 653 | a zebrafish | |
| 653 | a copepod | |
| 653 | a BFRs | |
| 653 | a polybrominated diphenyl ethers | |
| 653 | a tetrabromobisphenol A | |
| 653 | a hexabromocyclododecane | |
| 653 | a hexabromobenzene | |
| 653 | a 2 | |
| 653 | a 4 | |
| 653 | a 6-tribromophenol | |
| 653 | a tetrabromobisphenol A | |
| 653 | a 2-hydroxyethyl ether | |
| 653 | a 1 | |
| 653 | a 2-dibromo-4-(1 | |
| 653 | a 2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane | |
| 653 | a Environmental chemistry | |
| 653 | a Miljökemi | |
| 700 | 1 | a Andersson, Patrik L.,c Dru Umeå universitet,Kemiska institutionen4 ths |
| 700 | 1 | a Haglund, Peter,c Professoru Umeå universitet,Kemiska institutionen4 ths |
| 700 | 1 | a Tysklind, Mats,c Professoru Umeå universitet,Kemiska institutionen4 ths |
| 700 | 1 | a Vetter, Walter,c Professoru Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany4 opn |
| 710 | 2 | a Umeå universitetb Kemiska institutionen4 org |
| 856 | 4 | u https://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:216812/FULLTEXT01.pdfx primaryx Raw objecty fulltext |
| 856 | 4 8 | u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22528 |
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