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Biotechnological Production of the Sunscreen Pigment Scytonemin in Cyanobacteria : Progress and Strategy
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- Gao, Xiang (author)
- Shaanxi Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Xian 710021, Peoples R China.
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- Jing, Xin (author)
- Shaanxi Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Xian 710021, Peoples R China.
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- Liu, Xufeng (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Molekylär biomimetik
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- Shaanxi Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Xian 710021, Peoples R China Molekylär biomimetik (creator_code:org_t)
- 2021-02-27
- 2021
- English.
- In: Marine Drugs. - : MDPI. - 1660-3397. ; 19:3
- Research review (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- Scytonemin is a promising UV-screen and antioxidant small molecule with commercial value in cosmetics and medicine. It is solely biosynthesized in some cyanobacteria. Recently, its biosynthesis mechanism has been elucidated in the model cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102. The direct precursors for scytonemin biosynthesis are tryptophan and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which are generated through the shikimate and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway. More upstream substrates are the central carbon metabolism intermediates phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate. Thus, it is a long route to synthesize scytonemin from the fixed atmospheric CO2 in cyanobacteria. Metabolic engineering has risen as an important biotechnological means for achieving sustainable high-efficiency and high-yield target metabolites. In this review, we summarized the biochemical properties of this molecule, its biosynthetic gene clusters and transcriptional regulations, the associated carbon flux-driving progresses, and the host selection and biosynthetic strategies, with the aim to expand our understanding on engineering suitable cyanobacteria for cost-effective production of scytonemin in future practices.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Biokemi och molekylärbiologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Mikrobiologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Microbiology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- cyanobacteria
- sunscreen pigments
- scytonemin
- metabolic engineering
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- Lindblad, Peter
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