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Architecture and st...
Architecture and structural evolution of an early Little Ice Age terminal moraine at the surge-type glacier Mulajokull, Iceland
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- Benediktsson, Ivar Örn (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kvartärgeologi,Geologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Quaternary Sciences,Department of Geology,Faculty of Science
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Schomacker, Anders (author)
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- Johnson, Mark D., 1954 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för geovetenskaper,Department of Earth Sciences
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Geiger, Alessa J. (author)
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Ingolfsson, Olafur (author)
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Guomundsdottir, Esther Ruth (author)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2015
- 2015
- English.
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface. - 2169-9011 .- 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 120:9, s. 1895-1910
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- The internal architecture and structural evolution of the Arnarfellsmular terminal moraine at Mulajokull, a surge-type glacier in central Iceland, is described in order to demonstrate submarginal and proglacial glaciotectonic processes during glacier surging, as well as constraining the age of the maximum extent of the glacier. The moraine is 4-7m high, 50-100m wide, and composed of a highly deformed sequence of loess, peat, and tephra that is draped by till up to the crest. The internal architecture is dominated by steep, high-amplitude overturned folds and thrusts in the crest zone but open, low-amplitude folds on the distal slope. Section balancing suggests a basal detachment (decollement) depth of 1.4m and a total horizontal shortening of around 59%. This implies that the glacier coupled to the foreland about 70m up glacier from its terminal position to initiate the formation of the moraine. The structural evolution is polyphase in that the formation commenced with low-amplitude open folding of the foreland, followed by overfolding and piggyback thrusting. Radiocarbon dating and analysis of tephra layers, along with historical references, indicate that the most likely time of moraine formation was between A.D. 1717 and 1760, which suggests that Mulajokull had its Little Ice Age maximum and most extensive surge earlier than many other surge-type glaciers in Iceland.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Geologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geology (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Klimatforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Climate Research (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- glaciotectonic
- moraine
- folding and thrusting
- horizontal shortening
- surge-type glacier
- Mulajokull
- Iceland
- Little Ice Age
- push moraine
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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