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The BRAN luminosity...
The BRAN luminosity detectors for the LHC
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- Matis, H. S. (author)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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- Placidi, M. (author)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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- Ratti, A. (author)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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- Turner, W. C. (author)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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- Bravin, E. (author)
- CERN
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- Miyamoto, R. (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,European Spallation Source ESS AB,Stiftelser och övriga anknutna verksamheter,Other Institutions and Utilities
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier BV, 2017
- 2017
- English 13 s.
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 848, s. 114-126
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- This paper describes the several phases which led, from the conceptual design, prototyping, construction and tests with beam, to the installation and operation of the BRAN (Beam RAte of Neutrals) relative luminosity monitors for the LHC. The detectors have been operating since 2009 to contribute, optimize and maintain the accelerator performance in the two high luminosity interaction regions (IR), the IR1 (ATLAS) and the IR5 (CMS). The devices are gas ionization chambers installed inside a neutral particle absorber 140 m away from the Interaction Points in IR1 and IR5 and monitor the energy deposited by electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy neutral particles from the collisions. The detectors have the capability to resolve the bunch-by-bunch luminosity at the 40 MHz bunch rate, as well as to survive the extreme level of radiation during the nominal LHC operation. The devices have operated since the early commissioning phase of the accelerator over a broad range of luminosities reaching 1.4×1034 cm−2 s−1 with a peak pileup of 45 events per bunch crossing. Even though the nominal design luminosity of the LHC has been exceeded, the BRAN is operating well. After describing how the BRAN can be used to monitor the luminosity of the collider, we discuss the technical choices that led to its construction and the different tests performed prior to the installation in two IRs of the LHC. Performance simulations are presented together with operational results obtained during p-p operations, including runs at 40 MHz bunch rate, Pb-Pb operations and p-Pb operations.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Fast Ionization Chamber
- Gas Detector
- Ionization Chamber
- LHC
- Luminosity Detector
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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