id:"swepub:oai:slubar.slu.se:100215"
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| Fältnamn | Indikatorer | Metadata |
|---|---|---|
| 000 | 03741naa a2200313 4500 | |
| 001 | oai:slubar.slu.se:100215 | |
| 003 | SwePub | |
| 008 | 240410s2019 | |||||||||||000 ||eng| | |
| 024 | 7 | a https://res.slu.se/id/publ/1002152 URI |
| 024 | 7 | a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.0432 DOI |
| 040 | a (SwePub)slu | |
| 041 | a engb eng | |
| 042 | 9 SwePub | |
| 072 | 7 | a ref2 swepub-contenttype |
| 072 | 7 | a art2 swepub-publicationtype |
| 100 | 1 | a Karlsson, Johanu Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för energi och teknik,Department of Energy and Technology4 aut |
| 245 | 1 0 | a The carbon footprint of breastmilk substitutes in comparison with breastfeeding |
| 264 | 1 | b Elsevier BV,c 2019 |
| 264 | 1 | b Elsevier,c 2024 |
| 520 | a Breastfeeding is one of the foundations of child health, development and survival. Breastmilk substitutes (BMS) are associated with negative influences on breastfeeding practices and subsequent health concerns and, as with all foods, production and consumption of BMS comes with an environmental cost. The carbon footprint (CFP) of production and consumption of BMS was estimated in this study. To illustrate regional differences among the largest producers and consumers, the CFP of BMS production in New Zealand, United States (USA), Brazil and France and the CFP of BMS consumption in United Kingdom (UK), China, Brazil and Vietnam were assessed. The CFP values were then compared with the CFP of breastfeeding arising from production of the additional food needed for breastfeeding mothers to maintain energy balance (approximately 500 kcal per day). The CFP of production was estimated to be 9.2 +/- 1.4, 7.0 +/- 1.0, 11 +/- 2 and 8.4 +/- 1.3 kg CO(2)e per kg BMS in New Zealand, USA, Brazil and France, respectively, with the largest contribution (68-82% of the total) coming from production of raw milk. The CFP of consumption, which included BMS production, emissions from transport, production and in-home sterilisation of bottles, and preparation of BMS, was estimated to be 11 +/- 1, 14 +/- 2, 14 +/- 2 and 11 +/- 1 kg CO(2)e per kg BMS in UK, China, Brazil and Vietnam, respectively. Comparison of breastfeeding with feeding BMS showed a lower CFP from breastfeeding in all countries studied. However, the results were sensitive to the method used to allocate emissions from raw milk production on different dairy processing co-products (i.e. BMS, cream, cheese and lactose). Using alternative allocation methods still resulted in lower CFP from breastfeeding, but only slightly for UK, Brazil and Vietnam. Care is also needed when interpreting findings about products that are functionally different as regards child health and development. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | |
| 650 | 7 | a NATURVETENSKAPx Geovetenskap och miljövetenskapx Miljövetenskap0 (SwePub)105022 hsv//swe |
| 650 | 7 | a NATURAL SCIENCESx Earth and Related Environmental Sciencesx Environmental Sciences0 (SwePub)105022 hsv//eng |
| 700 | 1 | a Röös, Elinu Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för energi och teknik,Department of Energy and Technology4 aut0 (Swepub:slu)50161 |
| 710 | 2 | a Sveriges lantbruksuniversitetb Institutionen för energi och teknik4 org |
| 710 | 2 | a Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet |
| 773 | 0 | t Journal of Cleaner Productiond : Elsevier BVg 222, s. 436-445q 222<436-445x 0959-6526x 1879-1786 |
| 856 | 4 | u https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.043 |
| 856 | 4 8 | u https://res.slu.se/id/publ/100215 |
| 856 | 4 8 | u https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.043 |
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