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Evolution of iron carbides during tempering of low-alloy tool steel studied with polarized small angle neutron scattering, electron microscopy and atom probe
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- Claesson, Erik (author)
- KTH,Egenskaper,Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH),Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),Swerim AB
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- Magnusson, Hans (author)
- Swerim AB,Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH),Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
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- Kohlbrecher, Joachim (author)
- PSI
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier BV, 2022
- 2022
- English.
- In: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 194, s. 112464-112464
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- The magnetic scattering of iron carbides in low-alloy tool steel was investigated ex-situ by polarized small angle neutron scattering measurements after tempering the steel at 550 °C and 600 °C. Magnetic features could be detected in the as-quenched sample resulting in a negative interference term, believed to be either θ-Fe3C, η-Fe2C, or ε-Fe2-3C. During tempering the evolution of cementite could be studied by the variation of the interference term and in γ-ratio, which is the ratio of the magnetic to nuclear scattering length density contrast. From scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and atom probe tomography, it is evident that cementite (θ-Fe3C) is present directly when reaching the tempering temperature of either 550 °C or 600 °C. At longer tempering times, cementite gets enriched with substitutional elements like chromium and manganese, forming an enriched shell on the cementite particles. STEM and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry show that the chemical composition of small cementite particles approaches that of Cr-rich M7C3 carbides after 24 h at 600 °C. It is also seen that small non-magnetic particles precipitate during tempering and these correspond well with molybdenum and vanadium-rich carbides.
Subject headings
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Materialteknik -- Metallurgi och metalliska material (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Materials Engineering -- Metallurgy and Metallic Materials (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi -- Materialkemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences -- Materials Chemistry (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Den kondenserade materiens fysik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Condensed Matter Physics (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Steel
- Tempering
- Precipitation
- Carbides
- Cementite
- Martensite
- SANS
- SANSPOL
- APT
- STEM
- EDS
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Teknisk materialvetenskap
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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