Winter and summer meal patterns from the south (56˚N) to the north (69˚N) of Sweden: dietary habits or a role for chrono-nutrition?

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Fältnamn	Indikatorer	Metadata
000		04335naa a2200373 4500
001		oai:DiVA.org:oru-88963
003		SwePub
008		210310s2021 \| \|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|000 \|\|eng\|
024	7	a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-889632 URI
040		a (SwePub)oru
041		a engb eng
042		9 SwePub
072	7	a ref2 swepub-contenttype
072	7	a kon2 swepub-publicationtype
100	1	a Lentjes, Marleen,d 1974-u Örebro universitet,Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper4 aut0 (Swepub:oru)mals
245	1 0	a Winter and summer meal patterns from the south (56˚N) to the north (69˚N) of Sweden :b dietary habits or a role for chrono-nutrition?
264	1	c 2021
338		a print2 rdacarrier
520		a Introduction: Research in seasonal dietary variation has mainly focused on differences in types and quantities of foods consumed; however, with recent interest in the role of chrono-nutrition and health, we studied seasonal variation in meal frequency, time and size, in Sweden where daylight varies from south to north from 17-24 h in summer to 7-0 h in winter.Methods: In the national dietary survey in Sweden, Riksmaten adults 2010-11, a representative section of the population between ages 18-80 years was sampled. Participants completed an online self-administered food diary on four consecutive days, with mealtimes recorded in 15-minute slots. We calculated hourly and daily energy intake (DEI) and the frequency of small and large eating and drinking occasions (EDO; small: time slot >210 kJ and <15%DEI; large: >=15%DEI). We divided the acceptable energy reporters (men/women) into three regions, from South to North: Götaland (N=308/404), Svealand (N=257/355) and Norrland (N=76/114). Mixed linear models were used to account for correlations between days and adjust seasonal and regional associations for: age (categorical), day of the week (week vs weekend), education and DEI.Results: Mean DEI and EDO frequency were not significantly different between seasons, regions or their interaction; however, in weekend vs week days, DEI was significantly higher (P<0.001) by ~0.5 MJ/d, whereas EDO frequency -driven by small EDO- was significantly lower (P<0.001) by ~0.3, thereby increasing meal energy density. Up to age 55 years, time of first EDO was ~75-90 min later at the weekend; however, 15 min by 65 years. Time of first EDO was not associated with region or season; however, in women (P=0.021), time of last large EDO was earlier in Norrland, except in summer time when meals were ~60 min later, exceeding other regions. These differences were driven by weekend days.Discussion: Habitual patterns overrule seasonal and regional variation, potentially helping with daylight adaptation; however, week and weekend days were associated with different meal patterns, delaying breakfast by 1 hour and consuming higher energy dense meals. Short-term dietary assessment instruments require balanced week days to study the potential role of meal pattern irregularity for health consequences.
650	7	a MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAPx Hälsovetenskapx Näringslära0 (SwePub)303042 hsv//swe
650	7	a MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCESx Health Sciencesx Nutrition and Dietetics0 (SwePub)303042 hsv//eng
650	7	a MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAPx Hälsovetenskapx Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi0 (SwePub)303022 hsv//swe
650	7	a MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCESx Health Sciencesx Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology0 (SwePub)303022 hsv//eng
653		a Eating pattern
653		a Nutrition
653		a Näringslära
653		a Epidemiologi
653		a Epidemiology
700	1	a Lindroos, Anna Karinu The Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala/Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Sweden4 aut
700	1	a Warensjö-Lemming, Evau The Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden4 aut
700	1	a Montgomery, Scott,d 1961-u Region Örebro Län, Örebro, Sweden,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics4 aut0 (Swepub:oru)smy
710	2	a Örebro universitetb Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper4 org
856	4	u https://oru.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1536226/IMAGE01.pdfy image
856	4 8	u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-88963

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Av författaren/redakt...: Lentjes, Marleen ...; Lindroos, Anna K ...; Warensjö-Lemming ...; Montgomery, Scot ...

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