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Enrichment of brain-related genes on the mammalian X chromosome is ancient and predates the divergence of synapsid and sauropsid lineages
- Kemkemer, Claus (författare)
- Kohn, Matthias (författare)
- Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard (författare)
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- Hameister, Horst (författare)
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2009-09-04
- 2009
- Engelska.
- Ingår i: Chromosome Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0967-3849 .- 1573-6849. ; 17:6, s. 811-820
- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Previous studies have revealed an enrichment of reproduction- and brain-related genes on the human X chromosome. In the present study, we investigated the evolutionary history that underlies this functional specialization. To do so, we analyzed the orthologous building blocks of the mammalian X chromosome in the chicken genome. We used Affymetrix chicken genome microarrays to determine tissue-selective gene expression in several tissues of the chicken, including testis and brain. Subsequently, chromosomal distribution of genes with tissue-selective expression was determined. These analyzes provided several new findings. Firstly, they showed that chicken chromosomes orthologous to the mammalian X chromosome exhibited an increased concentration of genes expressed selectively in brain. More specifically, the highest concentration of brain-selectively expressed genes was found on chicken chromosome GGA12, which shows orthology to the X chromosomal regions with the highest enrichment of non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation (MRX) genes. Secondly, and in contrast to the first finding, no enrichment of testis-selective genes could be detected on these chicken chromosomes. These findings indicate that the accumulation of brain-related genes on the prospective mammalian X chromosome antedates the divergence of sauropsid and synapsid lineages 315 million years ago, whereas the accumulation of testis-related genes on the mammalian X chromosome is more recent and due to adaptational changes.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Chromosome evolution
- Vertebrate sex chromosomes
- Gene expression
- Gene enrichment
- Biology
- Biologi
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