MicroRNA networks in pancreatic islet cells : Normal function and type 2 diabetes

Eliasson, Lena (author): Lund University,Lunds universitet,Diabetes - öcellsexocytos,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Diabetes - Islet Cell Exocytosis,Lund University Research Groups,Skåne University Hospital

Esguerra, Jonathan L.S. (author): Lund University,Lunds universitet,Diabetes - öcellsexocytos,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Diabetes - Islet Cell Exocytosis,Lund University Research Groups,Skåne University Hospital

(creator_code:org_t)

2020-04-13
2020
English 9 s.
In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 69:5, s. 804-812

Related links:: http://dx.doi.org/10... (free); show more...; https://diabetes.dia...; https://lup.lub.lu.s...; https://doi.org/10.2...; show less...

Abstract Subject headings

Impaired insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells is central in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and microRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental regulatory factors in this process. Differential expression of miRNAs contributes to β-cell adaptation to compensate for increased insulin resistance, but deregulation of miRNA expression can also directly cause β-cell impairment during the development of T2D. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally reduce gene expression through translational inhibition or mRNA destabilization. The nature of miRNA targeting implies the presence of complex and large miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in every cell, including the insulin-secreting β-cell. Here we exemplify one such network using our own data on differential miRNA expression in the islets of T2D Goto- Kakizaki rat model. Several biological processes are influenced by multiple miRNAs in the β-cell, but so far most studies have focused on dissecting the mechanism of action of individual miRNAs. In this Perspective we present key islet miRNA families involved in T2D pathogenesis including miR-200, miR-7, miR-184, miR-212/miR-132, and miR-130a/b/miR-152. Finally, we highlight four challenges and opportunities within islet miRNA research, ending with a discussion on how miRNAs can be utilized as therapeutic targets contributing to personalized T2D treatment strategies.

About the subject

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Endocrinology an ...

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