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AOCS design for the ATHENA X-ray telescope : challenges and solutions

Ott, T. (author)
Görries, Simon (author)
KTH
Schleicher, A. (author)
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Winkler, S. (author)
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 (creator_code:org_t)
2018-06-28
2018
English.
In: CEAS Space Journal. - : Springer-Verlag Wien. - 1868-2502 .- 1868-2510. ; 10:4, s. 519-534
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • The ATHENA—Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics—mission is currently assessed in a phase A feasibility study as L-class mission in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 plan, with launch foreseen in 2028. Primary mission goal is the mapping of hot gas structures and the determination of their physical properties to search for supermassive black holes. ATHENA is an X-ray telescope with a focal length of 12 m. It has a mass of ~ 7000 kg and it is ~ 15 m high with a diameter of ~ 3 m. The main mass is distributed to the mirror on the one side of the spacecraft and to the science instrument module on the other side of the spacecraft. To achieve its science goals, ATHENA performs a sky survey with precision line-of-sight pointing requirements in the order of arc seconds for absolute pointing and sub-arc seconds for relative pointing in time windows > 1 ks, all at 95% confidence level. That is very demanding for large X-ray telescopes. In addition to the precision pointing requirements, ATHENA cannot violate a certain sun exclusion zone. This is a hard constraint to prevent any stray-light falling onto the instruments, as it would immediately destroy them. The sky survey is defined by an observation plan that is demanding in terms of availability and thus spacecraft agility. The pointing and agility requirements and the fact that ATHENA is a spacecraft with high mass and volume introduce several design challenges for the attitude and orbit control system. This paper presents those challenges, corresponding solutions, and preliminary results, which have been achieved during the phase A study led by Airbus in Friedrichshafen, Germany. The main focus and contribution of this paper are the identification of research and development needs for attitude and orbit control systems to enable the ATHENA mission. In this respect, the ATHENA design challenges are discussed and addressed with the state-of-the-art design methods. This paper concludes with the main identified technology development needs and formulates specific research questions related to practical design problems. In particular, the following attitude and orbit control system design challenges are addressed: autonomous and agile large angle slew manoeuvres with exclusion zones, availability for science observations, precision line-of-sight determination as well as analysis during the design process using the ESA Pointing Error Engineering Tool and pointing control with a hexapod as line-of-sight actuator in the control loop. The last challenge, namely, the hexapod in the control loop, is without precedence in Europe and to the best knowledge of the authors in the world.

Subject headings

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Annan teknik (hsv//swe)
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Other Engineering and Technologies (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Agile slew manoeuvres
Autonomous slew manoeuvres
Fault management
Hexapod control for space applications
Hexapod model for space applications
High accuracy pointing error engineering
Precision pointing control
Agile manufacturing systems
Cosmology
Design
Identification (control systems)
Orbits
Precision engineering
Space applications
Space flight
Spacecraft equipment
Stray light
Surveys
Telescopes
X rays
High accuracy pointing
Availability

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ref (subject category)
art (subject category)

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Ott, T.
Görries, Simon
Schleicher, A.
Winkler, S.
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ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
ENGINEERING AND ...
and Other Engineerin ...
Articles in the publication
CEAS Space Journ ...
By the university
Royal Institute of Technology

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