TNT leakage through sediment to water and toxicity to Nitocra spinipes

• The fate and effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at marine ammunition dumping sites are essentially unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the release from solid TNT to seawater when covered by sediment of two different types (sandy and fine-grained) and thickness (0, 1, 2, and 4 cm), under different temperatures (5, 10, and 20 °C), and light conditions (ambient daylight and darkness) in the laboratory. The water column was analysed for TNT and some of its common transformation products, and toxicity to the copepod Nitocra spinipes after 1, 2, 4, 8, 19, and 32 weeks. Leakage of TNT to seawater and the toxicity to N. spinipes was significantly reduced by sediment burial, especially in fine-grained sediment. Hence, this study suggests that adverse effects of TNT in dumped ammunition on aquatic organisms should be delayed/reduced at low temperature and when TNT is covered sediment, especially with fine-grained sediment.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Farmakologi och toxikologi (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Pharmacology and Toxicology (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi -- Ekologi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences -- Ecology (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

2

4

6-trinitrotoluene; Ammunition; Bioassay; Transformation; ADNT

ADNT

transformation

bioassay

2.4.6-trinitrotoluene

ammunition

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)

art (ämneskategori)