Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, School Performance, and Effect of Medication

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, School Performance, and Effect of Medication

Jangmo, Andreas (author): Karolinska Institutet

Stålhandske, Amanda (author): Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Clinic, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden

Chang, Zheng (author): Karolinska Institutet

Chen, Qi (author): Karolinska Institutet

Almqvist, Catarina (author): Karolinska Institutet

Feldman, Inna, Docent, 1951- (author): Uppsala universitet,Socialmedicin/CHAP

Bulik, Cynthia M. (author): Karolinska Institutet

Lichtenstein, Paul (author): Karolinska Institutet

D'Onofrio, Brian (author): Karolinska Institutet

Kuja-Halkola, Ralf (author): Karolinska Institutet

Larsson, Henrik, 1975- (author): Örebro universitet,Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Elsevier, 2019
2019
English.
In: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 58:4, s. 423-432

Related links:: https://europepmc.or...; show more...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; http://kipublication...; show less...

Journal article (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for poor school performance, and pharmacological treatment of ADHD may have beneficial effects on school performance. Conclusions from previous research have been limited by small sample sizes, outcome measures, and treatment follow-up. The current study analyzed school performance in students with ADHD compared to students without ADHD, and the association between pharmacological treatment of ADHD and school performance.METHOD: A linkage of Swedish national registers covering 657,720 students graduating from year 9 of compulsory school provided measures of school performance, electronically recorded dispensations of ADHD medication, and potentially confounding background factors such as parental socioeconomic status. Primary measures of school performance included student eligibility to upper secondary school and grade point sum.RESULTS: ADHD was associated with substantially lower school performance independent of socioeconomic background factors. Treatment with ADHD medication for 3 months was positively associated with all primary outcomes, including a decreased risk of no eligibility to upper secondary school, odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76-0.84, and a higher grade point sum (range, 0.0-320.0) of 9.35 points, 95% CI = 7.88-10.82; standardized coefficient = 0.20.CONCLUSION: ADHD has a substantial negative impact on school performance, whereas pharmacological treatment for ADHD is associated with higher levels in several measures of school performance. Our findings emphasize the importance of detection and treatment of ADHD at an early stage to reduce the negative impact on school performance.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Psykiatri (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Psychiatry (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Pediatrik (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Pediatrics (hsv//eng)

Keyword

ADHD
medication
school performance
treatment

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)
art (subject category)

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By the author/editor: Jangmo, Andreas; Stålhandske, Ama ...; Chang, Zheng; Chen, Qi; Almqvist, Catari ...; Feldman, Inna, D ...; show more...; Bulik, Cynthia M ...; Lichtenstein, Pa ...; D'Onofrio, Brian; Kuja-Halkola, Ra ...; Larsson, Henrik, ...; show less...

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MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Health Sciences; and Public Health Gl ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Psychiatry

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Pediatrics

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By the university: Örebro University; Uppsala University; Karolinska Institutet

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