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Evaluation of NOx-R...
Evaluation of NOx-Reduction Measures for Iron-Ore Rotary Kilns
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- Edland, Rikard, 1990 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Smith, Neil (author)
- University of Adelaide
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- Allgurén, Thomas, 1986 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Fredriksson, Christian (author)
- Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB)
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- Normann, Fredrik, 1982 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Haycock, Denver (author)
- Brigham Young University
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- Johnson, Colson (author)
- Texas A and M University
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- Frandsen, Jacob (author)
- Brigham Young University
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- Fletcher, Tom (author)
- Brigham Young University
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- Andersson, Klas, 1977 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2020-03-02
- 2020
- English.
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In: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 34:4, s. 4934-4948
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Abstract
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- The grate-kiln process is employed for sintering and oxidation of iron-ore pellets. In this process, a fuel (typically coal) is combusted with a large amount of excess air in a rotary kiln, and the high air-to-fuel ratio leads to significant NOx formation. The current Article is an assessment of NOx reduction measures that have been tested in pilot-scale and in full-scale by the Swedish iron-ore company Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag (LKAB). The results show that the scaling between the full-scale kiln and the pilot-scale kiln is crucial, and several primary measures that reduce NOx significantly in pilot-scale achieve negligible reduction in full-scale. In the investigated full-scale kiln, thermal NOx formation is efficiently suppressed and low compared with the NO formation from the fuel-bound nitrogen (especially char-bound nitrogen). Suppressing the NO formation from the char-bound nitrogen is difficult due to the high amounts of excess air, and all measures tested to alter mixing patterns have shown limited effect. Switching to a fuel with a lower nitrogen content is efficient and probably necessary to achieve low NOx emissions without secondary measures. Simulations show that replacing the reference coal with a biomass that contains 0.1% nitrogen can reduce NOx emissions by 90%.
Subject headings
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Maskinteknik -- Energiteknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Mechanical Engineering -- Energy Engineering (hsv//eng)
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Edland, Rikard, ...
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Smith, Neil
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Allgurén, Thomas ...
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Fredriksson, Chr ...
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Normann, Fredrik ...
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Haycock, Denver
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show more...
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Johnson, Colson
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Frandsen, Jacob
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Fletcher, Tom
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Andersson, Klas, ...
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- About the subject
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- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
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ENGINEERING AND ...
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and Mechanical Engin ...
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and Energy Engineeri ...
- Articles in the publication
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Energy & Fuels
- By the university
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Chalmers University of Technology