Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight?: A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies

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Rogers, P. J.Univ Bristol, Sch Expt Psychol, Bristol, Avon, England. (author)

Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? : A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies

Article/chapterEnglish2016

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2015-09-14
Springer Science and Business Media LLC,2016
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:uu-296897
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296897URI
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.177DOI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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By reducing energy density, low-energy sweeteners (LES) might be expected to reduce energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW). To assess the totality of the evidence testing the null hypothesis that LES exposure (versus sugars or unsweetened alternatives) has no effect on EI or BW, we conducted a systematic review of relevant studies in animals and humans consuming LES with ad libitum access to food energy. In 62 of 90 animal studies exposure to LES did not affect or decreased BW. Of 28 reporting increased BW, 19 compared LES with glucose exposure using a specific 'learning' paradigm. Twelve prospective cohort studies in humans reported inconsistent associations between LES use and body mass index (-0.002 kg m(-2) per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.009 to 0.005). Meta-analysis of short-term randomized controlled trials (129 comparisons) showed reduced total EI for LES versus sugar-sweetened food or beverage consumption before an ad libitum meal (-94 kcal, 95% CI -122 to -66), with no difference versus water (-2 kcal, 95% CI -30 to 26). This was consistent with EI results from sustained intervention randomized controlled trials (10 comparisons). Meta-analysis of sustained intervention randomized controlled trials (4 weeks to 40 months) showed that consumption of LES versus sugar led to relatively reduced BW (nine comparisons; -1.35 kg, 95% CI -2.28 to -0.42), and a similar relative reduction in BW versus water (three comparisons; -1.24 kg, 95% CI -2.22 to -0.26). Most animal studies did not mimic LES consumption by humans, and reverse causation may influence the results of prospective cohort studies. The preponderance of evidence from all human randomized controlled trials indicates that LES do not increase EI or BW, whether compared with caloric or non-caloric (for example, water) control conditions. Overall, the balance of evidence indicates that use of LES in place of sugar, in children and adults, leads to reduced EI and BW, and possibly also when compared with water.

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Hogenkamp, PleunieUppsala universitet,Funktionell farmakologi(Swepub:uu)pleha931 (author)
de Graaf, C.Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. (author)
Higgs, S.Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. (author)
Lluch, A.RD, Ctr Daniel Carasso, Danone Res, Palaiseau, France. (author)
Ness, A. R.Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust, Natl Inst Hlth Res Biomed Res Unit Nutr Diet & Li, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England.;Univ Bristol, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England.;Univ Bristol, Univ Hosp Bristol Educ Ctr, Sch Oral & Dent Sci, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England. (author)
Penfold, C.Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust, Natl Inst Hlth Res Biomed Res Unit Nutr Diet & Li, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England.;Univ Bristol, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England.;Univ Bristol, Univ Hosp Bristol Educ Ctr, Sch Oral & Dent Sci, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England. (author)
Perry, R.Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust, Natl Inst Hlth Res Biomed Res Unit Nutr Diet & Li, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England.;Univ Bristol, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England.;Univ Bristol, Univ Hosp Bristol Educ Ctr, Sch Oral & Dent Sci, Level 3, Bristol, Avon, England. (author)
Putz, P.ILSI Europe Aisbl, European Branch, Ave E Mounier 83,Box 6, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. (author)
Yeomans, M. R.Univ Sussex, Sch Psychol, Brighton, E Sussex, England. (author)
Mela, D. J.Unilever Res Labs, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. (author)
Univ Bristol, Sch Expt Psychol, Bristol, Avon, England.Funktionell farmakologi (creator_code:org_t)

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In:International Journal of Obesity: Springer Science and Business Media LLC40:3, s. 381-3940307-05651476-5497

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