Essays on the Economics of the 1956 Clean Air Act

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Fältnamn	Indikatorer	Metadata
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003		SwePub
008		210719s2021 \| \|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|000 \|\|eng\|
020		a 9789179115586q print
020		a 9789179115593q electronic
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040		a (SwePub)su
041		a engb eng
042		9 SwePub
072	7	a vet2 swepub-contenttype
072	7	a dok2 swepub-publicationtype
100	1	a Fukushima, Nanna,d 1978-u Stockholms universitet,Nationalekonomiska institutionen4 aut0 (Swepub:su)nafu1012
245	1 0	a Essays on the Economics of the 1956 Clean Air Act
264	1	a Stockholm :b Department of Economics, Stockholm University,c 2021
300		a 150 s.
338		a electronic2 rdacarrier
490	0	a Dissertations in Economics,x 1404-3491 ;v 2021:1
520		a This thesis consists of three essays in environmental and health economics.The UK Clean Air Act, Black Smoke, and Infant MortalityThis paper estimates the effects of the 1956 UK Clean Air Act on infant mortality. Using novel data, I exploit the seasonality in demand for coal to analyze the effects of a staggered expansion of a ban on local smoke emission. The findings show that the policy eliminated the seasonal difference in air quality as well as infant mortality. According to my instrumental variables estimates, the reduction in air pollution between 1957 and 1973 can account for 70 % of the observed decline in infant mortality during the same period. The results are relevant to explain the fast decline in post-war infant mortality in developed countries and understand the effect of pollution on infant mortality in many developing countries.A Fine Solution to Air Pollution?This paper studies the effect of an exogenous change in air pollution regulation enforcement on regulation compliance. I exploit the spatial and temporal variation in the roll-out of zonal bans on smoke from coal in densely populated areas in England between 1963 – 1973 to study the effect of regulation on air pollution when the monetary punishment if convicted is doubled. I find that the increase in fine size increased the effect of the regulation on air pollution by 37 percent. However, evidence suggests that the poorest households disproportionally carried the cost of the marginal improvement in air quality from an increase in fine. The findings highlight the distributional concerns associated when designing an effective environmental regulation.Environmental Regulation and Firm PerformanceThis paper investigates the effect of environmental regulation in England in the 1960 – 70s on changes in employment and the entry and exit of manufacturing plants. It matches 1 km2 grid resolution plant data for multiple years with novel data on the location and timing of a roll-out of a ban on bituminous coal, the leading source of energy and heating in industry at the time. I show that the regulation negatively affected employment in low-productive plants but increased the probability of survival, employment, and the entry of high-productive plants. I present a simple theoretical model with heterogeneous firms and find empirical evidence in line with model predictions.
650	7	a SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAPx Ekonomi och näringslivx Nationalekonomi0 (SwePub)502012 hsv//swe
650	7	a SOCIAL SCIENCESx Economics and Businessx Economics0 (SwePub)502012 hsv//eng
653		a Environmental economics
653		a Air pollution
653		a Clean Air Act 1956
653		a Environmental regulation
653		a Infant health
653		a Firm heterogeneity
653		a Firm behaviour
653		a Regulation compliance
653		a Economic history
653		a Economics
653		a nationalekonomi
700	1	a Strömberg, David,c Professoru Stockholms universitet,Nationalekonomiska institutionen4 ths
700	1	a Nilsson, Peter,c Professoru Stockholms universitet,Institutet för internationell ekonomi4 ths
700	1	a Schlenker, Wolfram,c Professoru School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA4 opn
710	2	a Stockholms universitetb Nationalekonomiska institutionen4 org
856	4	u https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1581049/FULLTEXT01.pdfx primaryx Raw objecty fulltext
856	4	u https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1581049/PREVIEW01.jpgx Previewy preview image
856	4 8	u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194653

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