((WFRF:(Arnold Matthew))) srt2:(2015-2019)
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Surface chemistry and diffusion of trace and alloying elements during in vacuum thermal deoxidation of stainless steel
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- Zhu, Lin (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,MAX IV-laboratoriet,MAX IV Laboratory
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- Al-Sakeeri, Ali (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,MAX IV-laboratoriet,MAX IV Laboratory
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- Lenrick, Filip (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience,Annan verksamhet, LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Industriell Produktion,Institutionen för maskinvetenskaper,Institutioner vid LTH,Fysiska institutionen,Other operations, LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,Production and Materials Engineering,Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,Department of Physics,Faculty of Engineering, LTH
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2021-10-24
- 2021
- English 10 s.
- In: Surface and Interface Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0142-2421 .- 1096-9918.
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Removal of the native surface oxide from steel is an important initial step during vacuum brazing. Trace and alloying elements in steel, such as Mn, Si, and Ni, can diffuse to the surface and influence the deoxidation process. The detailed surface chemical composition and grain morphology of the common stainless-steel grade 316L is imaged and spectroscopically analyzed at several stages of in-vacuum annealing from room temperature up to 850°C. Measurements are performed using synchrotron-based X-ray photoemission and low-energy electron microscopy (XPEEM/LEEM). The initial native Cr surface oxide is amorphous and unaffected by the underlying Fe grain morphology. After annealing to ~700°C, the grain morphology is seen at the surface, persisting also after the complete oxygen removal at 850°C. The surface concentration of first Mn and then Si increases significantly when annealing to 500°C and 700°C, respectively, while Ni and Cr concentrations do not change. Mn and Si are not located only in grain boundaries or clusters but are distributed across over the surface. Both Mn and Si appear as oxides, while Cr oxide becomes metallic Cr. Annealing from 500°C up to 850°C leads to the removal of first the Mn and then Si oxides from the surface, while Cr and Fe are completely reduced to metals. Deoxidation of Cr occurs faster at the grain boundaries, and the final Cr metal surface content varies between the grains. The findings are summarized in a general qualitative model, relevant for austenite steels.
Subject headings
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Materialteknik -- Metallurgi och metalliska material (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Materials Engineering -- Metallurgy and Metallic Materials (hsv//eng)
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Kemiteknik -- Korrosionsteknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Chemical Engineering -- Corrosion Engineering (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- annealing
- deoxidation
- diffusion
- LEEM
- microscopy
- PEEM
- steel alloys
- surface
- vacuum
- XAS
- XPS
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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