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Associations between psychosocial wellbeing and experience of gender-based violence at community, household, and intimate-partner levels among a cross-sectional cohort of young people living with and without HIV during COVID-19 in Cape Town, South Africa
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- Hartmann, Miriam (författare)
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, Berkely, CA, USA
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- Giovenco, Danielle (författare)
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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- Zeebari, Zangin (författare)
- Jönköping University,IHH, Statistik,Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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- Itzikowitz, Gina (författare)
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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- Ekström, Anna Mia (författare)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Nielsen, Anna (författare)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Pettifor, Audrey (författare)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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- Bekker, Linda-Gail (författare)
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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- Kågesten, Anna E. (författare)
- Karolinska Institutet
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(creator_code:org_t)
- BioMed Central (BMC), 2023
- 2023
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
- Relaterad länk:
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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http://kipublication...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that gender-based violence (GBV) increased during COVID-19. We investigated self-reported impact of the pandemic on GBV at community, household and intimate partner (IPV) levels among young people and its associations with psychosocial wellbeing, i.e., COVID-related stressors and mental health.METHODS: Cross-sectional data were drawn from a survey with young people ages 13-24 (N = 536) living with HIV (YPLWH) and without HIV (YPLWoH), in peri-urban Cape Town, South Africa. The survey, conducted February-October 2021, examined the impact of the initial lockdown on experience and perceived changes in GBV at each level, and pandemic-related psychosocial wellbeing. Descriptive statistics and binomial and multinomial regression analyses were conducted to illustrate exposure and perceived changes in GBV since lockdown, and their association with COVID-related stress factors (e.g., social isolation, anxiety about COVID), mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety), and other risk factors (e.g., age, gender, socioeconomic status) by HIV status.RESULTS: Participants were 70% women with mean age 19 years; 40% were living with HIV. Since lockdown, YPLWoH were significantly more likely than YPLWH to perceive community violence as increasing (45% vs. 28%, p < 0.001), and to report household violence (37% vs. 23%, p = 0.006) and perceive it as increasing (56% vs. 27%, p = 0.002) (ref: decreasing violence). YPLWoH were also more likely to report IPV experience (19% vs. 15%, p = 0.41) and perception of IPV increasing (15% vs. 8%, p = 0.92). In adjusted models, COVID-related stressors and common mental health disorders were only associated with household violence. However, indicators of economic status such as living in informal housing (RRR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.12-3.83) and food insecurity (Community violence: RRR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.00-3.20; Household violence: RRR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.15-2.60) emerged as significant risk factors for exposure to increased GBV particularly among YPLWoH.CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that for young people in this setting, GBV at community and household levels was more prevalent during COVID-19 compared to IPV, especially for YPLWoH. While we found limited associations between COVID-related stressors and GBV, the perceived increases in GBV since lockdown in a setting where GBV is endemic, and the association of household violence with mental health, is a concern for future pandemic responses and should be longitudinally assessed.
Ämnesord
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- COVID-19
- COVID-19-related stress
- Gender-based Violence
- HIV
- young people
- Mental health
- South Africa
- Violence
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- ref (ämneskategori)
- art (ämneskategori)
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