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Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe : the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II
- Zock, Jan-Paul (author)
- Heinrich, Joachim (author)
- Jarvis, Deborah (author)
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- Verlato, Giuseppe (author)
- Plana, Estel (author)
- Sunyer, Jordi (author)
- Chinn, Susan (author)
- Olivieri, Mario (author)
- Soon, Argo (author)
- Villani, Simona (author)
- Ponzio, Michela (author)
- Dahlman-Höglund, Anna (author)
- Svanes, Cecilie (author)
- Luczynska, Christina (author)
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier BV, 2006
- 2006
- English.
- In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 118:3, s. 682-690
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- Background: Several studies in European homes have described allergen levels from the house dust mite species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to a lesser extent Dermatophagoides farinae, but geographic comparisons of exposure levels and risk factors have been hampered by a lack of standardized methods. Objective: To study the distribution and determinants of the major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 in 10 European countries using a common protocol. Methods: During home visits with 3580 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II from 22 study centers, mattress dust was sampled and analyzed for Der p 1, Der f 1, and Der 2 allergen. Information on housing characteristics was obtained by both observations and interview. Results: Der 1 and Der 2 allergens were detectable (>= 0.1 mu g/g) in 68% and 53% of the samples, respectively. Large differences in allergen levels between study centers were observed, and geographic patterns for Der p 1 and Der f 1 were different. Low winter temperatures reduced Der p 1 rather than Der f 1. Important risk factors for high allergen levels included an older mattress, a lower floor level of the bedroom, limited ventilation of the bedroom, and dampness for Der p 1 but not for Der f 1. Conclusion: There are large qualitative and quantitative differences of house dust mite allergen levels in Europe, which can partly be explained by geographic and housing characteristics. Clinical implications: Mite allergen exposure may be reduced by replacing the mattress regularly and increasing ventilation of the bedroom, particularly in winter.
Keyword
- house dust mites
- allergens
- housing
- risk factors
- geographic
- ECRHS
- MEDICINE
- MEDICIN
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- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- Sunyer, Jordi
- Chinn, Susan
- Olivieri, Mario
- Soon, Argo
- Villani, Simona
- Ponzio, Michela
- Dahlman-Höglund, ...
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