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  • Rosengren, Annika,1951Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för medicin, avdelningen för akut och kardiovaskulär medicin,Institute of Medicine, Department of Emergeny and Cardiovascular Medicine (author)

Education and risk for acute myocardial infarction in 52 high, middle and low-income countries: INTERHEART case-control study

  • Article/chapterEnglish2009

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • 2009

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  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/108796
  • https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/108796URI

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  • Language:English

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  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

Notes

  • OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of education and other measures of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients and controls from countries with diverse economic circumstances (high, middle, and low income countries). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: 52 countries from all inhabited regions of the world. PARTICIPANTS: 12242 cases and 14622 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First non-fatal AMI. RESULTS: SES was measured using education, family income, possessions in the household and occupation. Low levels of education (< or =8 years) were more common in cases compared to controls (45.0% and 38.1%; p<0.0001). The odds ratio (OR) for low education adjusted for age, sex and region was 1.56 (95% confidence interval 1.47 to 1.66). After further adjustment for psychosocial, lifestyle, other factors and mutually for other socioeconomic factors, the OR associated with education < or =8 years was 1.31 (1.20 to 1.44) (p<0.0001). Modifiable lifestyle factors (smoking, exercise, consumption of vegetables and fruits, alcohol and abdominal obesity) explained about half of the socioeconomic gradient. Family income, numbers of possessions and non-professional occupation were only weakly or not at all independently related to AMI. In high-income countries (World Bank Classification), the risk factor adjusted OR associated with low education was 1.61 (1.33 to 1.94), whereas it was substantially lower in low-income and middle-income countries: 1.25 (1.14 to 1.37) (p for interaction 0.045). CONCLUSION: Of the SES measures we studied, low education was the marker most consistently associated with increased risk for AMI globally, most markedly in high-income countries.

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  • Subramanian, S. V. (author)
  • Islam, S. (author)
  • Chow, C. K. (author)
  • Avezum, A. (author)
  • Kazmi, K. (author)
  • Sliwa, K. (author)
  • Zubaid, M. (author)
  • Rangarajan, S. (author)
  • Yusuf, S. (author)
  • Göteborgs universitetInstitutionen för medicin, avdelningen för akut och kardiovaskulär medicin (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

  • In:Heart95:24, s. 2014-221468-201X

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  • Heart (Search for host publication in LIBRIS)

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Rosengren, Annik ...
Subramanian, S. ...
Islam, S.
Chow, C. K.
Avezum, A.
Kazmi, K.
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Sliwa, K.
Zubaid, M.
Rangarajan, S.
Yusuf, S.
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About the subject
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
and Clinical Medicin ...
and Cardiac and Card ...
Articles in the publication
Heart
By the university
University of Gothenburg

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Annika_Rosengren
Rosengren, Annika,1951
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