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Genetic architecture of speciation
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- Boman, Jesper (författare)
- Uppsala universitet,Evolutionsbiologi
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- Backström, Niclas, Professor, 1969- (preses)
- Uppsala universitet,Evolutionsbiologi
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- Mugal, Carina, Doctor (preses)
- Uppsala universitet,Evolutionsbiologi
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- ISBN 9789151321707
- Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2024
- Engelska 63 s.
- Serie: Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, 1651-6214 ; 2418
- Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- New species are formed either by the splitting of a lineage in two or through hybridization of divergent lineages. Using genetics to understand the origin and persistence of species is a central theme in evolutionary biology. The genetic architecture of speciation refers to the number, types and effect sizes of different genetic loci underlying the process of speciation. Insightful models and painstaking laboratory and field work have provided the first sketches of the genetic architecture of speciation in a handful of model organisms. In this thesis, I explore different aspects of speciation genetics in several less studied model systems: from birds to butterflies. In Paper I, I investigate the genetic architecture of hybrid inviability between chromosomal races of the wood white butterfly (Leptidea sinapis) and find an association between chromosome fusions and the evolution of hybrid inviability. In Paper II, I study whether the many chromosomal differences separating the L. sinapis races show evidence of non-Mendelian inheritance. We observe the preferential inheritance of the ancestral state at chromosome fusions in line with the meiotic drive model. Thus, meiotic drive acts against karyotype change and thus potentially opposes the evolution of reproductive isolation. Recent work has highlighted that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, could be important for the dysfunction of hybrids. In Paper III, we test this prediction in naturally occurring hybrids between the collared flycatcher (F. albicollis) and the pied flycatcher (F. hypoleuca). I show that DNA methylation differences in promoter regions are often correlated with signatures of differential gene expression between species, but does not predict misexpression in hybrids. Hybridization between species is expected to reduce the genetic differentiation and erode species differences. However, hybridization can also be the trigger of speciation if the combination of alleles and traits allow the hybrid species to persist. In Paper IV, I discover a hybrid Aricia butterfly species on the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. Using whole-genome resequencing data and species models I infer that the main hybridization event occurred approximately 54,000 years ago, long before Öland arose from the sea after the last ice age. To conclude, this thesis highlights different aspects of speciation genetics: from the genetic underpinnings of viability of hybrids (Paper I and III) to causes of speciation (Paper II and IV). Hopefully this work will provide a few more lines to the blueprint that is our understanding of the genetic architecture of speciation
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Evolutionsbiologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Evolutionary Biology (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Genetik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Genetics (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Speciation
- Evolutionary genetics
- Speciation genetics
- Hybrid incompatibilities
- Biology with specialization in Evolutionary Genetics
- Biologi med inriktning mot evolutionär genetik
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