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Four additional natural 7-deazaguanine derivatives in phages and how to make them
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- Cui, Liang (author)
- Singapore MIT Alliance Res & Technol, Singapore
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- Balamkundu, Seetharamsing (author)
- Singapore MIT Alliance Res & Technol, Singapore;Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore
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- Liu, Chuan-Fa (author)
- Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- Oxford University Press, 2023
- 2023
- English.
- In: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 51:17, s. 9214-9226
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- Bacteriophages and bacteria are engaged in a constant arms race, continually evolving new molecular tools to survive one another. To protect their genomic DNA from restriction enzymes, the most common bacterial defence systems, double-stranded DNA phages have evolved complex modifications that affect all four bases. This study focuses on modifications at position 7 of guanines. Eight derivatives of 7-deazaguanines were identified, including four previously unknown ones: 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-(methylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (mdPreQ(1)), 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-(formylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (fdPreQ(1)), 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-deazaguanine (dDG) and 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine (dCDG). These modifications are inserted in DNA by a guanine transglycosylase named DpdA. Three subfamilies of DpdA had been previously characterized: bDpdA, DpdA1, and DpdA2. Two additional subfamilies were identified in this work: DpdA3, which allows for complete replacement of the guanines, and DpdA4, which is specific to archaeal viruses. Transglycosylases have now been identified in all phages and viruses carrying 7-deazaguanine modifications, indicating that the insertion of these modifications is a post-replication event. Three enzymes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of these newly identified DNA modifications: 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine decarboxylase (DpdL), dPreQ(1) formyltransferase (DpdN) and dPreQ(1) methyltransferase (DpdM), which was experimentally validated and harbors a unique fold not previously observed for nucleic acid methylases.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Biokemi och molekylärbiologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Biokemi
- Biochemistry
- Mikrobiologi
- Microbiology
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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