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Evidence for CO Shock Excitation in NGC 6240 from Herschel SPIRE Spectroscopy

Meijerink, R. (author)
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
Kristensen, L. (author)
Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
Weiss, A. (author)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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van der Werf, P. (author)
Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
Walter, F. (author)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
Spaans, M. (author)
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
Loenen, A.F. (author)
Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
Fischer, J. (author)
Naval Research Laboratory
Israel, F. P. (author)
Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
Isaak, K. (author)
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
Papadopoulos, P. P. (author)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
Aalto, Susanne, 1964 (author)
Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
Armus, L. (author)
Spitzer Science Center, United States
Charmandaris, V. (author)
Panepistimio Kritis,University of Crete
Dasyra, K.M. (author)
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres, France
Diaz-Santos, T. (author)
Spitzer Science Center, United States
Evans, A. (author)
National Radio Astronomy Observatory,University of Virginia
Gao, Yu (author)
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. (author)
Universidad de Alcala,University of Alcalá
Güsten, R. (author)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
Henkel, C. (author)
King Abdulaziz University,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
Kramer, C. (author)
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Lord, S. (author)
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Martin-Pintado, J. (author)
CSIC - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM)
Naylor, D. A. (author)
University of Lethbridge
Sanders, D. B. (author)
University of Hawaii
Smith, H. (author)
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Spinoglio, L. (author)
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Stacey, G. (author)
Cornell University
Veilleux, S. (author)
University of Maryland
Wiedner, M.C. (author)
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
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 (creator_code:org_t)
2013
2013
English.
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 762:2, s. L16-L20
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  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • We present Herschel SPIRE FTS spectroscopy of the nearby luminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240. In total 20 linesare detected, including CO J = 4−3 through J = 13−12, 6 H2O rotational lines, and [C i] and [N ii] fine-structurelines. The CO to continuum luminosity ratio is 10 times higher in NGC 6240 than Mrk 231. Although the COladdersof NGC 6240 and Mrk 231 are very similar, UV and/or X-ray irradiation are unlikely to be responsible for theexcitation of the gas in NGC 6240.We applied both C and J shock models to the H2 v = 1–0 S(1) and v = 2–1 S(1)lines and the CO rotational ladder. The CO ladder is best reproduced by amodel with shock velocity vs = 10 km s−1and a pre-shock density nH = 5 × 104 cm−3. We find that the solution best fitting the H2 lines is degenerate. The shock velocities and number densities range between vs = 17–47 km s−1 and nH = 107–5×104 cm−3, respectively.The H2 lines thus need a much more powerful shock than the CO lines.We deduce that most of the gas is currently moderately stirred up by slow (10 km s−1) shocks while only a small fraction (1%) of the interstellar mediumis exposed to the high-velocity shocks. This implies that the gas is rapidly losing its highly turbulent motions. We argue that a high CO line-to-continuum ratio is a key diagnostic for the presence of shocks.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

galaxies: individual (NGC 6240)
galaxies: active
galaxies: starburst
infrared: galaxies
galaxies: nuclei

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)
ref (subject category)

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