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Enhancing nitrogen removal through macrophyte harvest and installation of woodchips-based floating beds in surface-flow constructed wetlands
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- Choudhury, Maidul I. (author)
- Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; Vattenfall Ab, Stockholm, Sweden
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- Nilsson, Josefin, 1994- (author)
- Högskolan i Halmstad,Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet,Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Hylander, Samuel (author)
- Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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- Oxford : Elsevier, 2024
- 2024
- English.
- In: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 359
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- Wetland management maintains nitrogen (N) removal capacity in mature and overgrown constructed wetlands (CWs). We evaluated whether CW management by macrophyte harvesting, and subsequent installation of woodchips-based floating beds (WFBs) planted with Glyceria maxima and Filipendula ulmaria improved N removal. In sixteen heavily overgrown experimental CWs, we applied four treatments: i) only macrophyte harvesting, ii) 5% of the harvested-CW surface covered with WFBs, iii) 20% WFBs cover, and iv) a control treatment (heavily overgrown). N removal was determined in all wetlands at nine occasions. Plant biomass accrual, N assimilation, and denitrification genes nirS, nirK, nosZI and nosZII on plant roots and woodchips from WFBs were estimated. Macrophyte harvesting improved N removal of heavily overgrown CWs, whereas subsequent WFB installation only sometimes improved N removal. Mean N removal efficiencies (± standard deviation) overall were 41 ± 15 %, 45 ± 20 %, 46 ± 16 % and 27 ± 8.3 % for treatments i to iv, respectively. Relative biomass production, root length and root surface area for G. maxima (mean ± standard deviation: 234 ± 114 %, 40 ± 6.5 cm, 6308 ± 1059 cm2g-1, respectively) were higher than those for F. ulmaria (63 ± 86 %, 28 ± 12 cm, 3131 ± 535 cm2g-1, respectively) whereas biomass N assimilation was higher for F. ulmaria (1.8 ± 0.9 gNm−2 of WFB) than for G. maxima (1.3 ± 0.5 gNm−2 of WFB). Denitrification gene abundance was higher on plant roots than on woodchips while G. maxima hosted higher root denitrification gene abundance than F. ulmaria. We conclude that macrophyte harvesting improves N removal in heavily overgrown CWs. WFBs installation has the potential to support plant growth and denitrification in surface-flow constructed wetlands. Further studies need to evaluate the long-term effects of macrophyte harvesting and WFB installation on N removal in CWs. © 2024 The Authors
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Aquatic plants
- Floating wetlands
- Nitrogen uptake
- Wetland biofilm
- Wetland restoration
- PROACTS
- PROACTS
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