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A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change
- Hooper, D. U. (author)
- Adair, E. C. (author)
- Cardinale, B. J. (author)
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- Byrnes, J. E. K. (author)
- Hungate, B. A. (author)
- Matulich, K. L. (author)
- Gonzalez, A. (author)
- Duffy, J. E. (author)
- O'Connor, M. I. (author)
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2012-05-02
- 2012
- English.
- In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 486:7401, s. 105-
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Evidence is mounting that extinctions are altering key processes important to the productivity and sustainability of Earth's ecosystems(1-4). Further species loss will accelerate change in ecosystem processes(5-8), but it is unclear how these effects compare to the direct effects of other forms of environmental change that are both driving diversity loss and altering ecosystem function. Here we use a suite of meta-analyses of published data to show that the effects of species loss on productivity and decomposition-two processes important in all ecosystems-are of comparable magnitude to the effects of many other global environmental changes. In experiments, intermediate levels of species loss (21-40%) reduced plant production by 5-10%, comparable to previously documented effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate warming. Higher levels of extinction (41-60%) had effects rivalling those of ozone, acidification, elevated CO2 and nutrient pollution. At intermediate levels, species loss generally had equal or greater effects on decomposition than did elevated CO2 and nitrogen addition. The identity of species lost also had a large effect on changes in productivity and decomposition, generating a wide range of plausible outcomes for extinction. Despite the need for more studies on interactive effects of diversity loss and environmental changes, our analyses clearly show that the ecosystem consequences of local species loss are as quantitatively significant as the direct effects of several global change stressors that have mobilized major international concern and remediation efforts(9).
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- species-diversity
- plant diversity
- elevated co2
- terrestrial ecosystems
- productivity
- communities
- nitrogen
- consequences
- grassland
- responses
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- Hooper, D. U.
- Adair, E. C.
- Cardinale, B. J.
- Byrnes, J. E. K.
- Hungate, B. A.
- Matulich, K. L.
- show more...
- Gonzalez, A.
- Duffy, J. E.
- Gamfeldt, Lars, ...
- O'Connor, M. I.
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
- NATURAL SCIENCES
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- By the university
- University of Gothenburg
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