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LIBRIS Formathandbok  (Information om MARC21)
FältnamnIndikatorerMetadata
00004767naa a2200649 4500
001oai:DiVA.org:ri-50965
003SwePub
008201217s2020 | |||||||||||000 ||eng|
0247 a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-509652 URI
0247 a https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta09093j2 DOI
040 a (SwePub)ri
041 a engb eng
042 9 SwePub
072 7a ref2 swepub-contenttype
072 7a art2 swepub-publicationtype
1001 a Schlee, Philippu Imperial College London, UK; Aalto University, Finland4 aut
2451 0a Hardwood :b versus softwood Kraft lignin-precursor-product relationships in the manufacture of porous carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors
264 c 2020
264 1b Royal Society of Chemistry,c 2020
338 a print2 rdacarrier
500 a Funding details: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU; Funding details: Shell; Funding details: European Regional Development Fund, FEDER, RTI2018-095291-B-I00; Funding text 1: M. J. M. L. and D. C. A. thank Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and FEDER (project RTI2018-095291-B-I00) for financial support. C. P. G. and C. O'K. thank Shell. MMT and PS thank RISE AB for co-funding Philipp Schlee's PhD position.
520 a The process of stabilization is essential in the production of carbon fibers from lignins. During stabilization, the initially thermoplastic lignin polymer is converted to a thermoset polymer allowing for high-temperature treatment without a change in shape. In this work, hardwood (HKL) and softwood (SKL) Kraft lignins were stabilized in air at temperatures between 190 and 340 °C before carbonization at 800 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Due to the differences in side-chain linkages, functional groups and molar mass, the lignins exhibit different structural changes upon stabilization and hence develop different porosities upon carbonization. Both lignins undergo major crosslinking reactions in the side chains at low temperatures and degradation reactions at high temperatures during stabilization. Crosslinking gives rise to narrow pore size distributions with mainly (sub-) nanometer pores, whereas degradation reactions lead to a more open pore structure with additional mesoporosity (>2 nm). When both types of reactions take place simultaneously, highly accessible (sub-) nanoporosity can be effectively created, which boosts the performance of supercapacitors operating in 6 M KOH(aq). This effect terminates when the crosslinking reactions cease and mainly degradation reactions take place, which occurs in HKL at 340 °C. SKL shows both a lower degree of crosslinking and degradation and hence develops less specific surface area. The optimum performance in an aqueous alkaline supercapacitor is achieved with HKL stabilized at 310 °C. It shows a specific gravimetric capacitance of 164 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and 119 F g-1 at 250 A g-1 with a capacitance retention of more than 90% after 10 000 cycles.
653 a Atmospheric temperature
653 a Capacitance
653 a Carbon nanofibers
653 a Carbonization
653 a Graphite fibers
653 a Hardwoods
653 a Lignin
653 a Pore size
653 a Pore structure
653 a Potassium hydroxide
653 a Softwoods
653 a Stabilization
653 a Supercapacitor
653 a Capacitance retention
653 a Crosslinking reaction
653 a Degradation reaction
653 a Degree of cross-linking
653 a Gravimetric capacitance
653 a High temperature treatments
653 a Narrow pore size distributions
653 a Softwood kraft lignins
653 a Crosslinking
7001 a Hosseinaei, Omidu RISE,Material- och ytdesign4 aut0 (Swepub:ri)omidho@ri.se
7001 a O'Keefe, Christopher A.u University of Cambridge, UK4 aut
7001 a Mostazo-Lopez, Maria Joseu Universidad de Alicante, Spain4 aut
7001 a Cazorla-Amorós, Diegou Universidad de Alicante, Spain4 aut
7001 a Herou, Servann J.A.u Imperial College London, UK4 aut
7001 a Tomani, Per E.u RISE,Bioraffinaderi och energi4 aut
7001 a Grey, Clare P.u University of Cambridge, UK4 aut
7001 a Titirici, Magdalena M.u Imperial College London, UK4 aut
7102 a Imperial College London, UK; Aalto University, Finlandb Material- och ytdesign4 org
7730 t Journal of Materials Chemistry Ad : Royal Society of Chemistryg 8:44, s. 23543-23554q 8:44<23543-23554x 2050-7488x 2050-7496
8564 u https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2020/ta/d0ta09093j
8564 8u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-50965
8564 8u https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta09093j

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