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First M87 Event Hor...
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
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- Akiyama, Kazunori (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),National Radio Astronomy Observatory,Harvard University
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- Alberdi, Antxon (author)
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
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- Alef, Walter (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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show more...
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- Asada, K. (author)
- National Taiwan University
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- Azulay, R. (author)
- Universitat de Valencia,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Baczko, A. K. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Ball, David (author)
- University of Arizona
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- Baloković, Mislav (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University
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- Barrett, John (author)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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- Bintley, Dan (author)
- East Asian Observatory
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- Blackburn, Lindy (author)
- Harvard University,Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Boland, W. (author)
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- Bouman, K. L. (author)
- Harvard University,Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
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- Bower, G. C. (author)
- Academia Sinica Taiwan
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- Bremer, M. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Brinkerink, C. D. (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
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- Brissenden, Roger (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University
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- Britzen, Silke (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Broderick, Avery E. (author)
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics,University of Waterloo
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- Broguière, D. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Bronzwaer, Thomas (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
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- Byun, Do Young (author)
- University of Science and Technology (UST),Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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- Carlstrom, J. E. (author)
- University of Chicago
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- Chael, A. (author)
- Harvard University,Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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- Chan, Chi Kwan (author)
- University of Arizona
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- Chatterjee, S. (author)
- Cornell University
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- Chatterjee, Koushik (author)
- Universiteit Van Amsterdam,University of Amsterdam
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- Chen, Ming Tang (author)
- Academia Sinica Taiwan
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- Chen, Yongjun (author)
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Cho, I. (author)
- University of Science and Technology (UST),Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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- Christian, Pierre (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,University of Arizona
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- Conway, John, 1963 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Cordes, James M. (author)
- Cornell University
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- Crew, G. (author)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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- Cui, Yuzhu (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
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- Davelaar, Jordy (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
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- De Laurentis, Mariafelicia (author)
- Universita Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico Ii,University of Naples Federico II,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,National Institute for Nuclear Physics,Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main,Goethe University Frankfurt
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- Deane, R. P. (author)
- Universiteit van Pretoria,University of Pretoria,Rhodes University
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- Dempsey, Jessica (author)
- East Asian Observatory
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- Desvignes, Gregory (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Dexter, Jason (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Doeleman, S. (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University
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- Eatough, Ralph P. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Falcke, H.D. (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
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- Fish, V. (author)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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- Fomalont, E. (author)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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- Fraga-Encinas, R. (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
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- Friberg, P. (author)
- East Asian Observatory
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- Fromm, Christian M. (author)
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main,Goethe University Frankfurt
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- Gomez, J. L. (author)
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
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- Galison, Peter (author)
- Harvard University
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- Gammie, Charles F. (author)
- University of Illinois
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- Garcia, Roberto (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Gentaz, Olivier (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Georgiev, Boris (author)
- University of Waterloo
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- Goddi, C. (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Gold, R. (author)
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main,Goethe University Frankfurt
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- Gu, Minfeng (author)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Gurwell, M. (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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- Hada, K. (author)
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI),National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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- Hecht, Michael H. (author)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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- Hesper, R. (author)
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
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- Ho, Luis C. (author)
- Beijing University of Technology
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- Ho, Paul (author)
- National Taiwan University
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- Honma, Mareki (author)
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI),National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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- Huang, Chih Wei L. (author)
- National Taiwan University
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- Huang, Lei (author)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Hughes, D. (author)
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica (INAOE),National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE)
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- Ikeda, Shiro (author)
- University of Tokyo, Japan,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,The Institute of Statistical Mathematics (ISM),The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
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- Inoue, Makoto (author)
- National Taiwan University
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- Issaoun, S. (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
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- James, David J. (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University
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- Jannuzi, Buell T. (author)
- University of Arizona
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- Janßen, M. (author)
- Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University
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- Jeter, Britton (author)
- University of Waterloo
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- Jiang, Wu (author)
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Johnson, Michael D. (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University
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- Jorstad, S.G. (author)
- Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu,Boston University
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- Jung, Taehyun (author)
- University of Science and Technology (UST),Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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- Karami, Mansour (author)
- University of Waterloo,Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
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- Karuppusamy, R. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Kawashima, Tomohisa (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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- Keating, G. (author)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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- Kettenis, M. M. (author)
- Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
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- Kim, Jae Young (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Kim, Junhan (author)
- University of Arizona
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- Kim, Jongsoo (author)
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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- Kino, M. (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering
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- Koay, Jun Yi (author)
- National Taiwan University
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- Koch, Patrick M. (author)
- National Taiwan University
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- Koyama, Shoko (author)
- National Taiwan University
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- Kramer, M. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Kramer, C. (author)
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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- Krichbaum, T.P. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Kuo, Cheng Yu (author)
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
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Lauer, Tod R. (author)
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- Lee, Sang Sung (author)
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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- Li, Yan Rong (author)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Li, Zhiyuan (author)
- Nanjing University
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2019-04-10
- 2019
- English.
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 875:1
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Abstract
Subject headings
Close
- We present the calibration and reduction of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm radio wavelength observations of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the radio galaxy M87 and the quasar 3C 279, taken during the 2017 April 5-11 observing campaign. These global very long baseline interferometric observations include for the first time the highly sensitive Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA); reaching an angular resolution of 25 μas, with characteristic sensitivity limits of ∼1 mJy on baselines to ALMA and ∼10 mJy on other baselines. The observations present challenges for existing data processing tools, arising from the rapid atmospheric phase fluctuations, wide recording bandwidth, and highly heterogeneous array. In response, we developed three independent pipelines for phase calibration and fringe detection, each tailored to the specific needs of the EHT. The final data products include calibrated total intensity amplitude and phase information. They are validated through a series of quality assurance tests that show consistency across pipelines and set limits on baseline systematic errors of 2% in amplitude and 1° in phase. The M87 data reveal the presence of two nulls in correlated flux density at ∼3.4 and ∼8.3 Gλ and temporal evolution in closure quantities, indicating intrinsic variability of compact structure on a timescale of days, or several light-crossing times for a few billion solar-mass black hole. These measurements provide the first opportunity to image horizon-scale structure in M87.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- techniques: interferometric
- black hole physics
- galaxies: individual (M87, 3C279)
- galaxies: jets
- techniques: high angular resolution
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Akiyama, Kazunor ...
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Alberdi, Antxon
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Alef, Walter
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Asada, K.
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Azulay, R.
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Baczko, A. K.
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show more...
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Ball, David
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Baloković, Misla ...
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Barrett, John
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Bintley, Dan
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Blackburn, Lindy
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Boland, W.
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Bouman, K. L.
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Bower, G. C.
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Bremer, M.
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Brinkerink, C. D ...
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Brissenden, Roge ...
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Britzen, Silke
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Broderick, Avery ...
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Broguière, D.
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Bronzwaer, Thoma ...
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Byun, Do Young
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Carlstrom, J. E.
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Chael, A.
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Chan, Chi Kwan
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Chatterjee, S.
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Chatterjee, Kous ...
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Chen, Ming Tang
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Chen, Yongjun
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Cho, I.
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Christian, Pierr ...
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Conway, John, 19 ...
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Cordes, James M.
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Crew, G.
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Cui, Yuzhu
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Davelaar, Jordy
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De Laurentis, Ma ...
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Deane, R. P.
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Dempsey, Jessica
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Desvignes, Grego ...
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Dexter, Jason
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Doeleman, S.
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Eatough, Ralph P ...
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Falcke, H.D.
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Fish, V.
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Fomalont, E.
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Fraga-Encinas, R ...
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Friberg, P.
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Fromm, Christian ...
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Gomez, J. L.
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Galison, Peter
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Gammie, Charles ...
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Garcia, Roberto
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Gentaz, Olivier
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Georgiev, Boris
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Goddi, C.
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Gold, R.
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Gu, Minfeng
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Gurwell, M.
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Hada, K.
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Hecht, Michael H ...
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Hesper, R.
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Ho, Luis C.
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Ho, Paul
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Honma, Mareki
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Huang, Chih Wei ...
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Huang, Lei
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Hughes, D.
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Ikeda, Shiro
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Inoue, Makoto
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Issaoun, S.
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James, David J.
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Jannuzi, Buell T ...
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Janßen, M.
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Jeter, Britton
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Jiang, Wu
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Johnson, Michael ...
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Jorstad, S.G.
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Jung, Taehyun
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Karami, Mansour
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Karuppusamy, R.
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Kawashima, Tomoh ...
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Keating, G.
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Kettenis, M. M.
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Kim, Jae Young
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Kim, Junhan
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Kim, Jongsoo
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Kino, M.
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Koay, Jun Yi
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Koch, Patrick M.
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Koyama, Shoko
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Kramer, M.
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Kramer, C.
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Krichbaum, T.P.
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Kuo, Cheng Yu
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Lauer, Tod R.
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Lee, Sang Sung
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Li, Yan Rong
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Li, Zhiyuan
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- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Astronomy Astrop ...
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Astrophysical Jo ...
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Chalmers University of Technology