Mediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Mediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Shannon, Oliver M. (author): University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Mendes, Ines (author): University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Kochl, Christina (author): University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Mazidi, Mohsen, 1989 (author): Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology

Ashor, Ammar W. (author): Mustansiriya University

Rubele, Sofia (author): Universita degli Studi di Verona,Verona University,University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Minihane, Anne-Marie (author): University of East Anglia

Mathers, John C. (author): University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Siervo, Mario (author): University Of Nottingham,University of Newcastle upon Tyne

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Elsevier BV, 2020
2020
English.
In: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 150:5, s. 1151-1159

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Research review (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

Background: The endothelium plays a key role in the maintenance of vascular health and represents a potential physiological target for dietary and other lifestyle interventions designed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including stroke or coronary heart disease. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) on endothelial function. Methods: Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from inception until January 2019 for studies that met the following criteria: 1) RCTs including adult participants, 2) interventions promoting the MedDiet, 3) inclusion of a control group, and 4) measurements of endothelial function. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Metaregression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify whether effects were modified by health status (i.e., healthy participants versus participants with existing comorbidities), type of intervention (i.e., MedDiet alone or with a cointervention), study duration, study design (i.e., parallel or crossover), BMI, and age of participants. Results: Fourteen articles reporting data for 1930 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Study duration ranged from 4 wk to 2.3 y. We observed a beneficial effect of the MedDiet on endothelial function [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.53; P <0.001; I-2 = 73.68%]. MedDiet interventions improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD)-the referencemethod for noninvasive, clinical measurement of endothelial function-by 1.66% (absolute change; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.17; P <0.001; I-2 = 0%). Effects of the MedDiet on endothelial function were not modified by health status, type of intervention, study duration, study design, BMI, or age of participants (P >0.05). Conclusions: MedDiet interventions improve endothelial function in adults, suggesting that the protective effects of the MedDiet are evident at early stages of the atherosclerotic process with important implications for the early prevention of CVD.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Allmänmedicin (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- General Practice (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Kardiologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Annan medicin och hälsovetenskap -- Gerontologi, medicinsk/hälsovetenskaplig inriktning (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Other Medical and Health Sciences -- Gerontology, specialising in Medical and Health Sciences (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Näringslära (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Nutrition and Dietetics (hsv//eng)

Keyword

flow-mediated dilation
endothelial function
healthy aging
cardiovascular disease
dietary patterns
Mediterranean diet

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By the author/editor: Shannon, Oliver ...; Mendes, Ines; Kochl, Christina; Mazidi, Mohsen, ...; Ashor, Ammar W.; Rubele, Sofia; show more...; Minihane, Anne-M ...; Mathers, John C.; Siervo, Mario; show less...

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MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and General Practice

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Cardiac and Card ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Other Medical an ...; and Gerontology spec ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Health Sciences; and Public Health Gl ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Health Sciences; and Nutrition and Di ...

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