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FältnamnIndikatorerMetadata
00015565naa a2202857 4500
001oai:DiVA.org:miun-39795
003SwePub
008200915s2019 | |||||||||||000 ||eng|
009oai:DiVA.org:his-17231
024a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-397952 URI
024a https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-42 DOI
024a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-172312 URI
040 a (SwePub)miund (SwePub)his
041 a engb eng
042 9 SwePub
072 7a ref2 swepub-contenttype
072 7a art2 swepub-publicationtype
100a Chang, A. Y.u Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, USA4 aut
2451 0a Past, present, and future of global health financing :b A review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995-2050
264 1b Lancet Publishing Group,c 2019
338 a print2 rdacarrier
520 a Background: Comprehensive and comparable estimates of health spending in each country are a key input for health policy and planning, and are necessary to support the achievement of national and international health goals. Previous studies have tracked past and projected future health spending until 2040 and shown that, with economic development, countries tend to spend more on health per capita, with a decreasing share of spending from development assistance and out-of-pocket sources. We aimed to characterise the past, present, and predicted future of global health spending, with an emphasis on equity in spending across countries. Methods: We estimated domestic health spending for 195 countries and territories from 1995 to 2016, split into three categories-government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private health spending-and estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2018. We estimated future scenarios of health spending using an ensemble of linear mixed-effects models with time series specifications to project domestic health spending from 2017 through 2050 and DAH from 2019 through 2050. Data were extracted from a broad set of sources tracking health spending and revenue, and were standardised and converted to inflation-adjusted 2018 US dollars. Incomplete or low-quality data were modelled and uncertainty was estimated, leading to a complete data series of total, government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending, and DAH. Estimates are reported in 2018 US dollars, 2018 purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars, and as a percentage of gross domestic product. We used demographic decomposition methods to assess a set of factors associated with changes in government health spending between 1995 and 2016 and to examine evidence to support the theory of the health financing transition. We projected two alternative future scenarios based on higher government health spending to assess the potential ability of governments to generate more resources for health. Findings: Between 1995 and 2016, health spending grew at a rate of 4.00% (95% uncertainty interval 3.89-4.12) annually, although it grew slower in per capita terms (2.72% [2.61-2.84]) and increased by less than $1 per capita over this period in 22 of 195 countries. The highest annual growth rates in per capita health spending were observed in upper-middle-income countries (5.55% [5.18-5.95]), mainly due to growth in government health spending, and in lower-middle-income countries (3.71% [3.10-4.34]), mainly from DAH. Health spending globally reached $8.0 trillion (7.8-8.1) in 2016 (comprising 8.6% [8.4-8.7] of the global economy and $10.3 trillion [10.1-10.6] in purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars), with a per capita spending of US$5252 (5184-5319) in high-income countries, $491 (461-524) in upper-middle-income countries, $81 (74-89) in lower-middle-income countries, and $40 (38-43) in low-income countries. In 2016, 0.4% (0.3-0.4) of health spending globally was in low-income countries, despite these countries comprising 10.0% of the global population. In 2018, the largest proportion of DAH targeted HIV/AIDS ($9.5 billion, 24.3% of total DAH), although spending on other infectious diseases (excluding tuberculosis and malaria) grew fastest from 2010 to 2018 (6.27% per year). The leading sources of DAH were the USA and private philanthropy (excluding corporate donations and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation). For the first time, we included estimates of China’s contribution to DAH ($644.7 million in 2018). Globally, health spending is projected to increase to $15.0 trillion (14.0-16.0) by 2050 (reaching 9.4% [7.6-11.3] of the global economy and $21.3 trillion [19.8-23.1] in purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars), but at a lower growth rate of 1.84% (1.68-2.02) annually, and with continuing disparities in spending between countries. In 2050, we estimate that 0.6% (0.6-0.7) of health spending will occur in currently low-income countries, despite these countries comprising an estimated 15.7% of the global population by 2050. The ratio between per capita health spending in high-income and low-income countries was 130.2 (122.9-136.9) in 2016 and is projected to remain at similar levels in 2050 (125.9 [113.7-138.1]). The decomposition analysis identified governments’ increased prioritisation of the health sector and economic development as the strongest factors associated with increases in government health spending globally. Future government health spending scenarios suggest that, with greater prioritisation of the health sector and increased government spending, health spending per capita could more than double, with greater impacts in countries that currently have the lowest levels of government health spending. Interpretation: Financing for global health has increased steadily over the past two decades and is projected to continue increasing in the future, although at a slower pace of growth and with persistent disparities in per-capita health spending between countries. Out-of-pocket spending is projected to remain substantial outside of high-income countries. Many low-income countries are expected to remain dependent on development assistance, although with greater government spending, larger investments in health are feasible. In the absence of sustained new investments in health, increasing efficiency in health spending is essential to meet global health targets. © 2019 The Author(s).
650 7a MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAPx Hälsovetenskapx Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi0 (SwePub)303022 hsv//swe
650 7a MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCESx Health Sciencesx Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology0 (SwePub)303022 hsv//eng
653 a acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Article; economic development; financial management; global health; gross national product; health care cost; health care delivery; health disparity; high income country; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; low income country; malaria; middle income country; priority journal; tuberculosis; economic model; economics; global health; health care cost; health care financing; health insurance; social care; statistics and numerical data; trends
653 a Global Health; Gross Domestic Product; Health Expenditures; Healthcare Financing; Humans; Models
653 a Economic; Prepaid Health Plans; Public Assistance
653 a Individual and Society VIDSOC
700a Cowling, K.4 aut
700a Micah, A. E.4 aut
700a Chapin, A.4 aut
700a Chen, C. S.4 aut
700a Ikilezi, G.4 aut
700a Sadat, N.4 aut
700a Tsakalos, G.4 aut
700a Wu, J.4 aut
700a Younker, T.4 aut
700a Zhao, Y.4 aut
700a Zlavog, B. S.4 aut
700a Abbafati, C.4 aut
700a Ahmed, A. E.4 aut
700a Alam, K.4 aut
700a Alipour, V.4 aut
700a Aljunid, S. M.4 aut
700a Almalki, M. J.4 aut
700a Alvis-Guzman, N.4 aut
700a Ammar, W.4 aut
700a Andrei, C. L.4 aut
700a Anjomshoa, M.4 aut
700a Antonio, C. A. T.4 aut
700a Arabloo, J.4 aut
700a Aremu, O.4 aut
700a Ausloos, M.4 aut
700a Avila-Burgos, L.4 aut
700a Awasthi, A.4 aut
700a Ayanore, M. A.4 aut
700a Azari, S.4 aut
700a Azzopardi-Muscat, N.4 aut
700a Bagherzadeh, M.4 aut
700a BÀrnighausen, T. W.4 aut
700a Baune, B. T.4 aut
700a Bayati, M.4 aut
700a Belay, Y. B.4 aut
700a Belay, Y. A.4 aut
700a Belete, H.4 aut
700a Berbada, D. A.4 aut
700a Berman, A. E.4 aut
700a Beuran, M.4 aut
700a Bijani, A.4 aut
700a Busse, R.4 aut
700a Cahuana-Hurtado, L.4 aut
700a Cámera, L. A.4 aut
700a Catalá-López, F.4 aut
700a Chauhan, B. G.4 aut
700a Constantin, M. -M4 aut
700a Crowe, C. S.4 aut
700a Cucu, A.4 aut
700a Dalal, Koustuvu Högskolan i Skövde,Institutionen för hälsa och lärande,Forskningsspecialiseringen Hälsa och Lärande,Individ och samhälle VIDSOC, Individual and Society4 aut0 (Swepub:his)dalk
700a De Neve, J. -W4 aut
700a Deiparine, S.4 aut
700a Demeke, F. M.4 aut
700a Do, H. P.4 aut
700a Dubey, M.4 aut
700a Tantawi, M. E.4 aut
700a Eskandarieh, S.4 aut
700a Esmaeili, R.4 aut
700a Fakhar, M.4 aut
700a Fazaeli, A. A.4 aut
700a Fischer, F.4 aut
700a Foigt, N. A.4 aut
700a Fukumoto, T.4 aut
700a Fullman, N.4 aut
700a Galan, A.4 aut
700a Gamkrelidze, A.4 aut
700a Gezae, K. E.4 aut
700a Ghajar, A.4 aut
700a Ghashghaee, A.4 aut
700a Goginashvili, K.4 aut
700a Haakenstad, A.4 aut
700a Bidgoli, H. H.4 aut
700a Hamidi, S.4 aut
700a Harb, H. L.4 aut
700a Hasanpoor, E.4 aut
700a Hassen, H. Y.4 aut
700a Hay, S. I.4 aut
700a Hendrie, D.4 aut
700a Henok, A.4 aut
700a Heredia-Pi, I.4 aut
700a Herteliu, C.4 aut
700a Hoang, C. L.4 aut
700a Hole, M. K.4 aut
700a Rad, E. H.4 aut
700a Hossain, N.4 aut
700a Hosseinzadeh, M.4 aut
700a Hostiuc, S.4 aut
700a Ilesanmi, O. S.4 aut
700a Irvani, S. S. N.4 aut
700a Jakovljevic, M.4 aut
700a Jalali, A.4 aut
700a James, S. L.4 aut
700a Jonas, J. B.4 aut
700a JÃŒrisson, M.4 aut
700a Kadel, R.4 aut
700a Matin, B. K.4 aut
700a Kasaeian, A.4 aut
700a Kasaye, H. K.4 aut
700a Kassaw, M. W.4 aut
700a Karyani, A. K.4 aut
700a Khabiri, R.4 aut
700a Khan, J.4 aut
700a Khan, M. N.4 aut
700a Khang, Y. -H4 aut
700a Kisa, A.4 aut
700a Kissimova-Skarbek, K.4 aut
700a Kohler, S.4 aut
700a Koyanagi, A.4 aut
700a Krohn, K. J.4 aut
700a Leung, R.4 aut
700a Lim, L. -Lu Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, USA / Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, USA4 aut
700a Lorkowski, S.4 aut
700a Majeed, A.4 aut
700a Malekzadeh, R.4 aut
700a Mansourian, M.4 aut
700a Mantovani, L. G.4 aut
700a Massenburg, B. B.4 aut
700a Mckee, M.4 aut
700a Mehta, V.4 aut
700a Meretoja, A.4 aut
700a Meretoja, T. J.4 aut
700a Kostova, N. M.4 aut
700a Miller, T. R.4 aut
700a Mirrakhimov, E. M.4 aut
700a Mohajer, B.4 aut
700a Darwesh, A. M.4 aut
700a Mohammed, S.4 aut
700a Mohebi, F.4 aut
700a Mokdad, A. H.4 aut
700a Morrison, S. D.4 aut
700a Mousavi, S. M.4 aut
700a Muthupandian, S.4 aut
700a Nagarajan, A. J.4 aut
700a Nangia, V.4 aut
700a Negoi, I.4 aut
700a Nguyen, C. T.4 aut
700a Nguyen, H. L. T.4 aut
700a Nguyen, S. H.4 aut
700a Nosratnejad, S.4 aut
700a Oladimeji, O.4 aut
700a Olgiati, S.4 aut
700a Olusanya, J. O.4 aut
700a Onwujekwe, O. E.4 aut
700a Otstavnov, S. S.4 aut
700a Pana, A.4 aut
700a Pereira, D. M.4 aut
700a Piroozi, B.4 aut
700a Prada, S. I.4 aut
700a Qorbani, M.4 aut
700a Rabiee, M.4 aut
700a Rabiee, N.4 aut
700a Rafiei, A.4 aut
700a Rahim, F.4 aut
700a Rahimi-Movaghar, V.4 aut
700a Ram, U.4 aut
700a Ranabhat, C. L.4 aut
700a Ranta, A.4 aut
700a Rawaf, D. L.4 aut
700a Rawaf, S.4 aut
700a Rezaei, S.4 aut
700a Roro, E. M.4 aut
700a Rostami, A.4 aut
700a Rubino, S.4 aut
700a Salahshoor, M.4 aut
700a Samy, A. M.4 aut
700a Sanabria, J.4 aut
700a Santos, J. V.4 aut
700a Milicevic, M. M. S.4 aut
700a Jose, B. P. S.4 aut
700a Savic, M.4 aut
700a Schwendicke, F.4 aut
700a Sepanlou, S. G.4 aut
700a Sepehrimanesh, M.4 aut
700a Sheikh, A.4 aut
700a Shrime, M. G.4 aut
700a Sisay, S.4 aut
700a Soltani, S.4 aut
700a Soofi, M.4 aut
700a Srinivasan, V.4 aut
700a Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.4 aut
700a Torre, A.4 aut
700a Tovani-Palone, M. R.4 aut
700a Tran, B. X.4 aut
700a Tran, K. B.4 aut
700a Undurraga, E. A.4 aut
700a Valdez, P. R.4 aut
700a Van Boven, J. F. M.4 aut
700a Vargas, V.4 aut
700a Veisani, Y.4 aut
700a Violante, F. S.4 aut
700a Vladimirov, S. K.4 aut
700a Vlassov, V.4 aut
700a Vollmer, S.4 aut
700a Vu, G. T.4 aut
700a Wolfe, C. D. A.4 aut
700a Yonemoto, N.4 aut
700a Younis, M. Z.4 aut
700a Yousefifard, M.4 aut
700a Zaman, S. B.4 aut
700a Zangeneh, A.4 aut
700a Zegeye, E. A.4 aut
700a Ziapour, A.4 aut
700a Chew, A.4 aut
700a Murray, C. J. L.4 aut
700a Dieleman, J. L.4 aut
700a Network, Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator4 aut
710a Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, USAb Institutionen för hälsa och lärande4 org
773t The Lancetd : Lancet Publishing Groupg 393:10187, s. 2233-2260q 393:10187<2233-2260x 0140-6736x 1474-547X
856u https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-4y Fulltext
856u https://his.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1328085/FULLTEXT01.pdfx primaryx Raw objecty fulltext:print
8564 8u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39795
8564 8u https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-4
8564 8u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17231

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Chang, A. Y.
Cowling, K.
Micah, A. E.
Chapin, A.
Chen, C. S.
Ikilezi, G.
visa fler...
Sadat, N.
Tsakalos, G.
Wu, J.
Younker, T.
Zhao, Y.
Zlavog, B. S.
Abbafati, C.
Ahmed, A. E.
Alam, K.
Alipour, V.
Aljunid, S. M.
Almalki, M. J.
Alvis-Guzman, N.
Ammar, W.
Andrei, C. L.
Anjomshoa, M.
Antonio, C. A. T ...
Arabloo, J.
Aremu, O.
Ausloos, M.
Avila-Burgos, L.
Awasthi, A.
Ayanore, M. A.
Azari, S.
Azzopardi-Muscat ...
Bagherzadeh, M.
BÀrnighausen, T ...
Baune, B. T.
Bayati, M.
Belay, Y. B.
Belay, Y. A.
Belete, H.
Berbada, D. A.
Berman, A. E.
Beuran, M.
Bijani, A.
Busse, R.
Cahuana-Hurtado, ...
Cámera, L. A.
Catalá-López, ...
Chauhan, B. G.
Constantin, M. - ...
Crowe, C. S.
Cucu, A.
Dalal, Koustuv
De Neve, J. -W
Deiparine, S.
Demeke, F. M.
Do, H. P.
Dubey, M.
Tantawi, M. E.
Eskandarieh, S.
Esmaeili, R.
Fakhar, M.
Fazaeli, A. A.
Fischer, F.
Foigt, N. A.
Fukumoto, T.
Fullman, N.
Galan, A.
Gamkrelidze, A.
Gezae, K. E.
Ghajar, A.
Ghashghaee, A.
Goginashvili, K.
Haakenstad, A.
Bidgoli, H. H.
Hamidi, S.
Harb, H. L.
Hasanpoor, E.
Hassen, H. Y.
Hay, S. I.
Hendrie, D.
Henok, A.
Heredia-Pi, I.
Herteliu, C.
Hoang, C. L.
Hole, M. K.
Rad, E. H.
Hossain, N.
Hosseinzadeh, M.
Hostiuc, S.
Ilesanmi, O. S.
Irvani, S. S. N.
Jakovljevic, M.
Jalali, A.
James, S. L.
Jonas, J. B.
JÃŒrisson, M.
Kadel, R.
Matin, B. K.
Kasaeian, A.
Kasaye, H. K.
Kassaw, M. W.
Karyani, A. K.
Khabiri, R.
Khan, J.
Khan, M. N.
Khang, Y. -H
Kisa, A.
Kissimova-Skarbe ...
Kohler, S.
Koyanagi, A.
Krohn, K. J.
Leung, R.
Lim, L. -L
Lorkowski, S.
Majeed, A.
Malekzadeh, R.
Mansourian, M.
Mantovani, L. G.
Massenburg, B. B ...
Mckee, M.
Mehta, V.
Meretoja, A.
Meretoja, T. J.
Kostova, N. M.
Miller, T. R.
Mirrakhimov, E. ...
Mohajer, B.
Darwesh, A. M.
Mohammed, S.
Mohebi, F.
Mokdad, A. H.
Morrison, S. D.
Mousavi, S. M.
Muthupandian, S.
Nagarajan, A. J.
Nangia, V.
Negoi, I.
Nguyen, C. T.
Nguyen, H. L. T.
Nguyen, S. H.
Nosratnejad, S.
Oladimeji, O.
Olgiati, S.
Olusanya, J. O.
Onwujekwe, O. E.
Otstavnov, S. S.
Pana, A.
Pereira, D. M.
Piroozi, B.
Prada, S. I.
Qorbani, M.
Rabiee, M.
Rabiee, N.
Rafiei, A.
Rahim, F.
Rahimi-Movaghar, ...
Ram, U.
Ranabhat, C. L.
Ranta, A.
Rawaf, D. L.
Rawaf, S.
Rezaei, S.
Roro, E. M.
Rostami, A.
Rubino, S.
Salahshoor, M.
Samy, A. M.
Sanabria, J.
Santos, J. V.
Milicevic, M. M. ...
Jose, B. P. S.
Savic, M.
Schwendicke, F.
Sepanlou, S. G.
Sepehrimanesh, M ...
Sheikh, A.
Shrime, M. G.
Sisay, S.
Soltani, S.
Soofi, M.
Srinivasan, V.
Tabarés-Seisded ...
Torre, A.
Tovani-Palone, M ...
Tran, B. X.
Tran, K. B.
Undurraga, E. A.
Valdez, P. R.
Van Boven, J. F. ...
Vargas, V.
Veisani, Y.
Violante, F. S.
Vladimirov, S. K ...
Vlassov, V.
Vollmer, S.
Vu, G. T.
Wolfe, C. D. A.
Yonemoto, N.
Younis, M. Z.
Yousefifard, M.
Zaman, S. B.
Zangeneh, A.
Zegeye, E. A.
Ziapour, A.
Chew, A.
Murray, C. J. L.
Dieleman, J. L.
Network, Global ...
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