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Political Institutions and Their Historical Dynamics
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- Sandberg, Mikael, 1956- (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Högskolan i Halmstad,Centrum för samhällsanalys (CESAM),Evolutionär ekologi,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Evolutionary ecology,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science
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- Lundberg, Per (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Evolutionär ekologi,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Evolutionary ecology,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science,Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden,ThePEG (Theoretical Population Ecology and Evolution Group)
- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2012-10-03
- 2012
- English.
- In: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:10
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Traditionally, political scientists define political institutions deductively. This approach may prevent from discovery of existing institutions beyond the definitions. Here, a principal component analysis was used for an inductive extraction of dimensions in Polity IV data on the political institutions of all nations in the world the last two centuries. Three dimensions of institutions were revealed: core institutions of democracy, oligarchy, and despotism. We show that, historically and on a world scale, the dominance of the core institutions of despotism has first been replaced by a dominance of the core institutions of oligarchy, which in turn is now being followed by an increasing dominance by the core institutions of democracy. Nations do not take steps from despotic, to oligarchic and then to democratic institutions, however. Rather, nations hosting the core democracy institutions have succeeded in historically avoiding both the core institutions of despotism and those of oligarchy. On the other hand, some nations have not been influenced by any of these dimensions, while new institutional combinations are increasingly influencing others. We show that the extracted institutional dimensions do not correspond to the Polity scores for autocracy, “anocracy” and democracy, suggesting that changes in regime types occur at one level, while institutional dynamics work on another. Political regime types in that sense seem “canalized”, i.e., underlying institutional architectures can and do vary, but to a considerable extent independently of regime types and their transitions. The inductive approach adds to the deductive regime type studies in that it produces results in line with modern studies of cultural evolution and memetic institutionalism in which institutions are the units of observation, not the nations that acts as host for them.
Subject headings
- SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP -- Statsvetenskap -- Statsvetenskap (hsv//swe)
- SOCIAL SCIENCES -- Political Science -- Political Science (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Annan biologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Other Biological Topics (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- institutions
- democracy
- oligarchy
- despotism
- dynamics
- historical
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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