Diglyme based electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries

Westman, Kasper,1990Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology (author)

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are currently being considered for large-scale energy storage. Optimization of SIB electrolytes is, however, still largely lacking. Here we exhaustively evaluate NaPF6 in diglyme as an electrolyte of choice, via both physicochemical properties and extensive electrochemical tests including half as well as full cells. Fundamentally, the ionic conductivity is found to be quite comparable to carbonate based electrolytes and to obey the fractional Walden rule with viscosity. We find Na metal to work well as a reference electrode and the electrochemical stability, evaluated potentiostatically for various electrodes and corroborated by DFT calculations, to be satisfactory in the entire voltage range 0-4.4 V. Galvanostatic cycling at C/10 of half and full cells using Na3V2(PO4)(3) (NVP) or Na3V2(PO4)(2)F-3 (NVPF) as cathodes and hard carbon (HC) as anodes indicates rapid capacity fading in cells with HC anodes, possibly originating in a lack of a stable SEI or by trapping of sodium. Aiming to understand this capacity fade further, we conducted a GC/MS analysis to determine electrolyte reduction products and to propose reduction pathways, concluding that oligomer and/or alkoxide formation is possible. Overall, the promising results should warrant further investigations of diglyme based electrolytes for modern SIB development, albeit avoiding HC anodes.

Dugas, RomainCollège de France (author)
Jankowski, Piotr,1990Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology,Politechnika Warszawska,Warsaw University of Technology,Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)(Swepub:cth)jpiotr (author)
Wieczorek, W.Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS),Politechnika Warszawska,Warsaw University of Technology (author)
Gachot, G.Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS),Université de Picardie Jules Verne,University of Picardie Jules Verne (author)
Morcrette, MathieuCentre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS),Université de Picardie Jules Verne,University of Picardie Jules Verne (author)
Irisarri, EnriqueInstitut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC),Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB) (author)
Ponrouch, A.Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC),Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB) (author)
Palacin, M. R.Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC),Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB),Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (author)
Tarascon, Jean-MarieCollège de France,Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (author)
Johansson, Patrik,1969Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology,Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)(Swepub:cth)jpatrik (author)
Chalmers tekniska högskolaCollège de France (creator_code:org_t)

In:ACS Applied Energy Materials: American Chemical Society (ACS)1:6, s. 2671-26802574-0962

By the author/editor: Westman, Kasper, ...; Dugas, Romain; Jankowski, Piotr ...; Wieczorek, W.; Gachot, G.; Morcrette, Mathi ...; show more...; Irisarri, Enriqu ...; Ponrouch, A.; Palacin, M. R.; Tarascon, Jean-M ...; Johansson, Patri ...; show less...

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