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Winter and summer m...
Winter and summer meal patterns from the south (56˚N) to the north (69˚N) of Sweden : dietary habits or a role for chrono-nutrition?
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- Lentjes, Marleen, 1974- (författare)
- Örebro universitet,Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper
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- Lindroos, Anna Karin (författare)
- The Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala/Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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- Warensjö-Lemming, Eva (författare)
- The Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Montgomery, Scott, 1961- (författare)
- Region Örebro Län, Örebro, Sweden,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2021
- 2021
- Engelska.
- Relaterad länk:
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https://oru.diva-por...
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Introduction: Research in seasonal dietary variation has mainly focused on differences in types and quantities of foods consumed; however, with recent interest in the role of chrono-nutrition and health, we studied seasonal variation in meal frequency, time and size, in Sweden where daylight varies from south to north from 17-24 h in summer to 7-0 h in winter.Methods: In the national dietary survey in Sweden, Riksmaten adults 2010-11, a representative section of the population between ages 18-80 years was sampled. Participants completed an online self-administered food diary on four consecutive days, with mealtimes recorded in 15-minute slots. We calculated hourly and daily energy intake (DEI) and the frequency of small and large eating and drinking occasions (EDO; small: time slot >210 kJ and <15%DEI; large: >=15%DEI). We divided the acceptable energy reporters (men/women) into three regions, from South to North: Götaland (N=308/404), Svealand (N=257/355) and Norrland (N=76/114). Mixed linear models were used to account for correlations between days and adjust seasonal and regional associations for: age (categorical), day of the week (week vs weekend), education and DEI.Results: Mean DEI and EDO frequency were not significantly different between seasons, regions or their interaction; however, in weekend vs week days, DEI was significantly higher (P<0.001) by ~0.5 MJ/d, whereas EDO frequency -driven by small EDO- was significantly lower (P<0.001) by ~0.3, thereby increasing meal energy density. Up to age 55 years, time of first EDO was ~75-90 min later at the weekend; however, 15 min by 65 years. Time of first EDO was not associated with region or season; however, in women (P=0.021), time of last large EDO was earlier in Norrland, except in summer time when meals were ~60 min later, exceeding other regions. These differences were driven by weekend days.Discussion: Habitual patterns overrule seasonal and regional variation, potentially helping with daylight adaptation; however, week and weekend days were associated with different meal patterns, delaying breakfast by 1 hour and consuming higher energy dense meals. Short-term dietary assessment instruments require balanced week days to study the potential role of meal pattern irregularity for health consequences.
Ämnesord
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Näringslära (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Nutrition and Dietetics (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Eating pattern
- Nutrition
- Näringslära
- Epidemiologi
- Epidemiology
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- ref (ämneskategori)
- kon (ämneskategori)