Exposure to Multiple Parasites Is Associated with the Prevalence of Active Convulsive Epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Exposure to Multiple Parasites Is Associated with the Prevalence of Active Convulsive Epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Kamuyu, Gathoni (författare): Studies Epidemiol Epilepsy Demog Surveillance Sys, Accra, Ghana

Bottomley, Christian (författare): London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England

Mageto, James (författare): Egerton Univ, Nakuru, Kenya

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Lowe, Brett (författare): Studies Epidemiol Epilepsy Demog Surveillance Sys, Accra, Ghana

Wilkins, Patricia P. (författare): Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA

Noh, John C. (författare): Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA

Nutman, Thomas B. (författare): National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Ngugi, Anthony K. (författare): Studies Epidemiol Epilepsy Demog Surveillance Sys, Accra, Ghana

Odhiambo, Rachael (författare): KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya

Wagner, Ryan (författare): Umeå universitet,Epidemiologi och global hälsa,MRC/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina (författare)

Owusu-Agyei, Seth (författare)

Ae-Ngibise, Kenneth (författare)

Masanja, Honorati (författare)

Osier, Faith H. A. (författare)

Odermatt, Peter (författare)

Newton, Charles R. (författare)

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2014-05-29
2014
Engelska.
Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 8:5

Relaterad länk:: https://doi.org/10.1...; visa fler...; https://umu.diva-por... (primary) (Raw object); https://journals.plo...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; visa färre...

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Background: Epilepsy is common in developing countries, and it is often associated with parasitic infections. We investigated the relationship between exposure to parasitic infections, particularly multiple infections and active convulsive epilepsy (ACE), in five sites across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods and Findings: A case-control design that matched on age and location was used. Blood samples were collected from 986 prevalent cases and 1,313 age-matched community controls and tested for presence of antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus, Toxocara canis, Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, Taenia solium and HIV. Exposure (seropositivity) to Onchocerca volvulus (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52-2.58, p<0.001), Toxocara canis (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.23-1.87, p<0.001), Toxoplasma gondii (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04-1.56, p=0.018) and higher antibody levels (top tertile) to Toxocara canis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.30-2.24, p<0.001) were associated with an increased prevalence of ACE. Exposure to multiple infections was common (73.8% of cases and 65.5% of controls had been exposed to two or more infections), and for T. gondii and O. volvulus co-infection, their combined effect on the prevalence of ACE, as determined by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), was more than additive (T. gondii and O. volvulus, RERI = 1.19). The prevalence of T. solium antibodies was low (2.8% of cases and 2.2% of controls) and was not associated with ACE in the study areas. Conclusion: This study investigates how the degree of exposure to parasites and multiple parasitic infections are associated with ACE and may explain conflicting results obtained when only seropositivity is considered. The findings from this study should be further validated.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Infektionsmedicin (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Infectious Medicine (hsv//eng)

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Av författaren/redakt...: Kamuyu, Gathoni; Bottomley, Chris ...; Mageto, James; Lowe, Brett; Wilkins, Patrici ...; Noh, John C.; visa fler...; Nutman, Thomas B ...; Ngugi, Anthony K ...; Odhiambo, Rachae ...; Wagner, Ryan; Kakooza-Mwesige, ...; Owusu-Agyei, Set ...; Ae-Ngibise, Kenn ...; Masanja, Honorat ...; Osier, Faith H. ...; Odermatt, Peter; Newton, Charles ...; visa färre...

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