On the empirical formula of Willett et al. relating lightning return-stroke peak current and peak electric field

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Fältnamn	Indikatorer	Metadata
000		03669naa a2200337 4500
001		oai:DiVA.org:kth-238767
003		SwePub
008		181110s1992 \| \|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|000 \|\|eng\|
024	7	a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2387672 URI
024	7	a https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD007202 DOI
040		a (SwePub)kth
041		a engb eng
042		9 SwePub
072	7	a ref2 swepub-contenttype
072	7	a art2 swepub-publicationtype
100	1	a Rakov, Vladimir A.u High Voltage Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia4 aut
245	1 0	a On the empirical formula of Willett et al. relating lightning return-stroke peak current and peak electric field
264	1	c 1992
338		a print2 rdacarrier
520		a The empirical formula proposed by Willett et al. (1989) for the estimation of lightning return-stroke peak current, I, from measured peak electric field, E, at a range D, is analyzed and discussed. The formula of Willett et al. (1989), obtained from the regression of E on I, is not the least squares fit and hence is not the best expression for predicting the peak current from the measured peak electric field. Based on the same data, the least squares fit and, hence, the best expression is obtained from the regression of I on E, given by I = 1.5 âˆ’ 0.037DE, where I is in kA and taken as negative, E is positive and in V/m, and D is in km. The Willett et al. (1989) formula results in an error with respect to the best peak current estimating expression that varies from âˆ’15% to +2.6% over the range of peak field values of 1.9 to 11 V/m (normalized to 100 km) used to derive the two relations. When the data of Willett et al. (1989) are separated into a high returnstroke speed group (1.5 Ã— 108 to 1.9 Ã— 108 m/s) and a low return-stroke speed group (1.2 Ã— 108 to 1.4 Ã— 108 m/s), the I-E regression lines differ for the two groups, with the difference in the regression line slopes being statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level. If the difference between intercepts of these two regression lines, found to be statistically insignificant, is neglected, the observed difference in slopes suggests that the group with the higher measured return-stroke speed is associated with a lower peak electric field for the same peak current. Finally, the practical applications of the Willett et al. (1989) formula presently found in the literature are reviewed, and the several cases of improper use, mostly related to misinterpretation of Willett et al. ’s (1989) sign convention, are corrected.
650	7	a TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIERx Elektroteknik och elektronikx Annan elektroteknik och elektronik0 (SwePub)202992 hsv//swe
650	7	a ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGYx Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineeringx Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering0 (SwePub)202992 hsv//eng
653		a Lightning
653		a Electromagnetic Compatibility
700	1	a Thottappillil, Rajeev,d 1958-u University of Florida, Gainesville, USA4 aut0 (Swepub:kth)u15d7q6f
700	1	a Uman, Martin A.u University of Florida, Gainesville, USA4 aut
710	2	a High Voltage Research Institute, Tomsk, Russiab University of Florida, Gainesville, USA4 org
773	0	t Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheresg 97:D11, s. 11527-11533q 97:D11<11527-11533x 2169-897Xx 2169-8996
856	4	u https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/92JD00720y https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/92JD00720
856	4 8	u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238767
856	4 8	u https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD00720

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